A&P 3

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

760 mmHg

What is the respiratory pressure gradient?

760 Vs 758 mmHg

How much inhaled air is Oxygen?

21%

How much of exhaled air is oxygen?

16%

How much of inhaled air is CO2?

0.04%

How much of exhaled air is CO2?

4%

How much of inhaled air is nitrogen?

79%

How much of exhaled air is nitrogen?

79%

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Extract O2 from air Excrete CO2 and H20 Vapour Ventilate the lungs Allows us to produce sound

Does the respiratory system maintain pH of blood?

Yes

What is the standard pH range of blood?

7.35<7.45

What are the upper resp system components?

Nose nasal cavity Pharynx (3 parts)

What are the components of lower resp tract?

Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli

The nose is the primary...

passageway for air entering the respiratory system

What are some functions of the nose?

Filters, warms, humidifies

How does the nose warm air?

When air passes the vascular tissue it heats the gas to body temperature

What is the structure of the nose?

External nares, nasal vestibule, septum, roof, lateral walls, floor

What tissue does the nasal conchae contain?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

The pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium contains

Numerous mucous/goblet cells Traps particles

What are some oral cavity landmarks?

Teeth Lips Tongue Hard/Soft palate Uvula

The pharynx has how many regions?

3

How many body systems share the pharynx?

2

The pharynx is 11cm long? T or F?

F - its 13cm

Where can you find the pharynx?

Anterior to cervical vertebrae, posterior to nasal/oral cavities.

Where does the oropharynx live?

Posterior to oral cavity

Where does the oropharynx cover?

Soft palate to hyoid bone (base of tongue)

How many tonsils do we have?

2 pairs

How many openings are in the nasopharynx?

2 internal nares 2 eustachian tubes

The nasopharynx contains which tonsils?

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

What epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

What functions does the oropharynx look after?

Respiratory and digestive

What is the oropharynx lined with?

Squamous stratified epithelium

The laryngopharynx is the WIDEST part of the resp tract?

FALSE - It's the narrowest

Where does the laryngopharynx extend from?

hyoid bone to esophagus

Why is the laryngopharynx lined with stratified squamous epithelium

So it resists abrasion and pathogen invasion

What are the cartilages of the single larynx?

Thyroid Epiglottis Cricoid

What are the cartilages of the paired larynx

Corniculate Arytenoid Cuneiform

WHAT ARE THE BLOOD PRESSURE SOUNDS CALLED?

KOROTOFF SOUNDS

The thyroid cartilage is what shaped?

Shield shaped

What makes the thyroid cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage

The thyroid cartilage is prominent at the

anterior surface (adams apple)

Cricoid cartilage is paired, T or F?

F

What makes cricoid cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage

Where is the cricoid cartilage situated?

Inferior to thyroid, anteriorly by cricothyroid ligament

What shape is the epiglottis?

Shoehorn shaped

Is a larger/more horeshoe epiglottis associated with adults or children?

Children

How is the epiglottis attached?

Inner surface of anterior wall of thyroid cartilage

Which bone does the epiglottis rise above?

Tongue and body of hyoid bone

When swallowing, the epiglottis folds over the ....

glottis

What are some functions of the larynx?

Production of sound Protect lower tract Passageway for air

The trachea is a X but Y tube

Tough but flexible

Where does the trachea end?

Level of 5th thoracic vertebra

How wide is the trachea?

2.5cm

The trachea is 20cm in length, T or F?

F, it is 10-11cm

How many rings of cartilage are in the trachea?

16-20. These are C shaped

Does the trachea divide?

Yes, it bifurcates at the carina

The trachea splits into the

R and L primary bronchus

Which is wider and shorter, the R bronchus or L

The right bronchus

How long is the bronchus

2.5cm

How many branches does the R bronchus divide into?

3, 1 for each lobe

How many branches does the L bronchus divide into?

2. 1 for each lobe.

What are the components of the bronchial tree?

Primary bronchi, secondary (lobar) bronchi, tertiary bronchi (segmental bronchiole)

What shape are the lungs?

Cone shaped

Why is the base of the lungs concaved?

To adhere to diaphragm

Is there a space between the mediastinum?

Yes

How many layers is the pleura

2

Parietal pleura covers

thoracic cage, continuous in visceral layer

What covers the lungs?

visceral pleura

The potential space in the pleura contains

Lots of fluid

Inflammation of the pleura will cause

pain

What other things can fill the pleura?

Pneumothorax (air) Haemothorax (Blood)