TFN - WA GINDISCUSS

Madeleine Leininger

Born on July 13, 1925, Sutton, Nebraska, United States and died on August 10, 2012, Omaha, Nebraska, United States.

Madeleine Leininger

She obtained her basic nursing education at St. Anthony School of Nursing, Denver, Colorado and graduated in 1948.

Madeleine Leininger

Merited her Bachelor of Science degree from Benedictine College, Atchison, Kansas

Madeleine Leininger

She obtained her degree of Master of Science in Anthropology from the University of Washington, Seattle in 1953.

Madeleine Leininger

was a nursing theorist and a nursing professor.

Madeleine Leininger

the creator of Transcultural Subfield of Nursing and the culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality

Transcultural Nursing

was developed because people of each culture can not only know and define the way in which they see their nursing care world but also compare it to general health beliefs and practices.

Culture Care

recognized because of the nursing care aspect.

Cultural Care

from cultural aspects

Cultural Care Reservation/Maintenance, Cultural Care Accommodations/Negotiations, Cultural Repatterning/Restructuring

3 Types of Nursing Actions

Person

are universally caring beings who survive in a diversity of cultures through their ability to provide the universality of care in a variety of ways that depend on the culture.

Health System, Healthcare Practices, Changing Health Patterns, Health Promotion, Health Maintenance

Components of Health

Culture

centers on a group within society, characterized by patterning of actions, thoughts, and decisions based on learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways within an identifiable setting or environment.

Environmental Framework

The totality of an event situation and experience.

1985

Leininger first showed her presentation of the theory in

Culture

can be seen in the actions, words, rules, symbols, and behavior patterns of people and is learned and then handed down from generation to generation.

Cultural Diversity

This refers to the differences or variations that can be found both between and among different cultures.

Cultural Universality

refers to the commonalities or similarities that exist in different cultures.

Transcultural Nursing Education

becomes more crucial for all nurses nationwide.

Without cultural nursing preparation

some nurses understand culture shock, conflict, and clashes as they move from one place to another.

The Journal of Transcultural Nursing

provided transcultural nurses with research and theoretical perspectives on 100 cultures nationwide.

1970s

There is a superior demand for holistic and transcultural people who are trained to safeguard quality-based care because of the sensitive public awareness of Health care costs, Culture, Human rights

Health Care Costs, Culture, Human Rights

In 1970s, there is a superior demand for holistic and transcultural people who are trained to safeguard quality-based care because of the sensitive public awareness of

Pastoral Nursing

Providing health care in spiritual.

Transcultural Nursing

You will be called if there's a conflict or nurses find it difficult to understand what culture is all about; they will need your specialization.

Ethnonursing

research technique to examine the theory in nursing focus proposed to culture care

Margaret Newman

Born on October 10, 1933 in Memphis, Tennessee

Margaret Newman

Designed the Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness

Margaret Newman

Earned a bachelor’s degree in home economics and English from Baylor University in Waco, Texas

Margaret Newman

A second bachelor’s degree in nursing from the University of Tennessee in Memphis

Margaret Newman

Master’s degree in medical-surgical nursing and teaching from the University of California, San Francisco

Margaret Newman

Doctor of Philosophy in nursing science and rehabilitation nursing from the New York University in 1971

Patterns

are the attitudes and actions behind the patient’s practices; the purpose why they are doing it

Nursing Process

Nurses are seen as facilitators in helping an individual, family, or community to focus on patterns of relating pattern recognition, considered the

Health by Newman

fusion of disease and non-disease

Health by Newman

a transformative process to more inclusive consciousness”

Inclusive Consciousness

is awareness within oneself

Environment

being the larger whole, which contains the consciousness of the individual

Person and Environment

viewed as a unitary evolving pattern

1986

Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness was officially published in

Theory of Unitary Human Beings

Newman’s theory arose from

Pathology

the symptoms that we see in a person

Health

the “pattern of the whole” of a person and includes disease as a manifestation of the pattern of the whole, based on the premise that life is an ongoing process of expanding consciousness

Pattern

information that depicts the whole and understanding of the meaning of all of the relationships at once

Consciousness

both the informational capacity of the system and the ability of the system to interact with its environment

Movement

means whereby space and time become a reality

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Born on October 16, 1933, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Received a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Duquesne University in 1955.

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Earned a Master of Science in Nursing from the University of Pittsburgh in 1966.

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Completed her Doctor of Education (EdD) in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of Pittsburgh in 1973.

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Held various academic positions, including faculty roles at Duquesne University and the University of Pittsburgh. (1983-1993)

1981

Parse first published her theory “Man-Living-Health” Theory in

1992

Parse changed the name of her theory to the “Humanbecoming Theory” in

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Established the "Nursing Science Quarterly" journal to promote nursing theory and research,

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

President of Discovery International, Inc.

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Published nine books and more than 100 articles and editorials about the nursing field.

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Received the New York Times Nurse Educator of the Year Award in 2008.

Theory of Humanbecoming

Guides the practice of nurses to focus on quality of life as it is described and lived.

Theory of Humanbecoming

Presents an alternative to both the conventional biomedical approach as well as the bio-psycho-social-spiritual theories.

Theory of Humanbecoming

Focuses on quality of life based from each person's own perspective as the goal of the nursing practice.

Theory of Humanbecoming

Provides a transformative approach to all levels of nursing.

Theory of Humanbecoming

this model gives the nurse the ability to see the client's perspective.

Totality Paradigm

states that man is a combination of biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual factors.

Simultaneity Paradigm

states that man is a unitary being in continuous, mutual interaction with the environment.

Meaning

Humanbecoming is freely choosing personal meaning in different situations and priorities in life. Man's reality is given meaning through lived experiences.

Valuing

the process of choosing and embracing what is important.

Imaging

the creation of one's own reality and one's reality reflects who one is as a unitary person.

Languaging

the ways people express themselves to the world; it may be verbally, written or in their actions.

Rhythmicity

Humanbecoming is co-creating rhythmical patterns of relating in mutual process with the universe.

Revealing-Concealing

the process humans use to show and/or hide personal evolution or becoming

Enabling-Limiting

are opportunities or restrictions that occur daily. It is making choices and living with the consequences of our actions

Connecting-Separating

are the patterns of connecting and separating with people, things and places.

Transcendence

Humanbecoming is co-transcending multi-dimensionally with emerging possibilities. It refers to reaching out and beyond the limits a person sets, and that one constantly transforms.

Powering

the pushing-resisting process that propels people in life through difficult times.

Originating

human uniqueness and the ways people create their own becoming as they choose from all possibilities that could be.

Transforming

integrating unfamiliar ideas or activities into one's life. This is changing for the better and becoming a new entity.

Illimitability

“The indivisible unbounded knowing extended infinity, the all-at-once remembering and prospecting with the moment”.

Illimitability

Refers to our knowledge on the subject or situation that we apply in the moment.

Paradox

“An intricate rhythm expressed as a pattern preference”.

Paradoxes

are not “opposites to be reconciled or dilemmas to be overcome, but rather, lived rhythms.

Freedom

“Contextually construed liberation”. People are free to continuously choose ways of being with their situations.

Mystery

“The unexplainable, that which cannot be completely known”

Meaning, Rhythmicity, Transcendence

Three Abiding Themes

Illimitability, Paradox, Freedom, Mystery

Four Postulates

Humanbecoming Theory

believes that the human being, the environment, and health are closely linked, making it difficult to characterize the three concepts individually.

Nursing

human science and art that uses an abstract body of knowledge to help people.

Person

an open being who is more than and different from the sum of the parts.

Health

The open process of being and becoming, and involves the synthesis of values.

Environment

Refers to everything in the person and his or her experiences.

Environment

is inseparable from the person, as well as complementary to and evolving with the person.

Nola Pender

Born on August 16, 1941, in Lansing, Michigan

Nola Pender

Received her nursing diploma in 1962, from School of Nursing at West Suburban Hospital in Oak Park, Illinois

Nola Pender

Began working on a medical-surgical unit and subsequently in a pediatric unit in Michigan Hospital.

1964

Pender completed her baccalaureate degree in nursing at Michigan State University

Nola Pender

Earned a master's degree in human growth and development at Michigan State University in 1965

Nola Pender

Completed her doctorate in psychology and education in 1969 at Northwestern University

1975

Pender published "A conceptual model for preventive health behavior"

HPM

served as a framework for research aimed at predicting overall health-promoting lifestyles and specific behavior such as exercise and use of hearing protection

HPM

was formulated through induction by use of existing research to form a pattern of knowledge about health behavior.

HPM

formulated with the goal of integrating what is known about health-promoting behavior to generate questions for further testing