Chemical Neurotransmission and Acetylcholine Overview

Flashcards covering key concepts related to chemical neurotransmission, acetylcholine, and their relevant pharmacological implications.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A neurotransmitter involved in chemical neurotransmission at synapses in the nervous system.

Chemical neurotransmission

The process by which neurotransmitters are released from neurons and bind to receptors to transmit signals.

Biosynthesis

The production of complex molecules within living organisms, such as the synthesis of acetylcholine from choline and acetyl-CoA.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, terminating the signal transmission.

Muscarinic receptors

A subtype of acetylcholine receptors that are G-protein coupled and modulate various physiological responses.

Nicotinic receptors

A subtype of acetylcholine receptors that mediate fast synaptic transmission and are ion channels.

Agonist

A substance that activates a receptor to produce a biological response, such as acetylcholine binding to its receptors.

Antagonist

A substance that blocks or dampens the biological response by binding to a receptor without activating it.

Anticholinergic drugs

Medications that block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, often used to reduce bodily secretions.

Cholinergic drugs

Drugs that mimic or enhance the effects of acetylcholine at synapses, used in various therapeutic applications.

Neuromuscular junction

The synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber, where acetylcholine is released to trigger muscle contraction.