CIE IGCSE Physics Chapter 1

What tool is used to measure length between 1 mm and 1 meter?

A ruler is used for this purpose.

What is the SI unit for length?

The SI unit for length is meters.

How do you measure the volume of a regular object?

You multiply its height by length by width.

How do you measure the volume of an irregular object?

Place the object in a measuring cylinder with water and measure the rise in water.

What is the SI unit for time?

The SI unit for time is seconds.

How can you increase the accuracy of a measurement?

By taking an average value.

What is the resolution of a micrometre screw gauge?

0.01 mm.

What are the two scales of a micrometre?

1. Main scale, 2) Thimble scale.

What defines a scalar quantity?

A scalar quantity has magnitude only.

Name two examples of scalar quantities.

Distance and mass.

What defines a vector quantity?

A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction.

Name two examples of vector quantities.

Velocity and force.

What is the SI unit for distance?

Meters.

What is the formula for calculating speed?

Speed (v) = distance (d) / time (t).

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity has a direction and is a vector quantity.

What does the gradient represent in a displacement-time graph?

The gradient represents velocity.

What does the gradient represent in a velocity-time graph?

The gradient represents acceleration.

What is the SI unit for acceleration?

Meters per second squared (m/s²).

What is free falling?

Motion under gravitational force as the only force acting on an object.

What is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth?

9.8 m/s².

Define mass in physics.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

What is the SI unit for mass?

Kilograms (kg).

What is weight defined as?

The force of gravity acting on an object.

How is weight calculated?

Weight (W) = mass (m) x gravitational acceleration (g).

What is density defined as?

Mass per unit volume.

What is the SI unit for density?

Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).

What is Hooke's Law?

Springs extend in proportion to loads under their proportional limit.

What is the formula for momentum?

Momentum (p) = mass (m) x velocity (v).

What does the law of conservation of momentum state?

In the absence of external forces, the total momentum of a system remains unchanged.

What is potential energy?

The energy stored in an object due to its height.

What is kinetic energy?

The energy of a moving object.

What is work done defined as in physics?

Work done by a force to move an object a certain distance.

What is the SI unit for pressure?

Pascals (Pa) or Newton per square meter (N/m²).

What three factors affect fluid pressure?

Depth of fluid, density of the fluid, and gravitational acceleration.

What is the relationship between the density of an object and its ability to float?

An object will float if it is less dense than the fluid it is in.