PMT 2.2 - Group 2 Flashcards

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17 Terms

1

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Write an equation for the first ionisation energy of magnesium

Mg (g) → Mg+ (g) + e-

2

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Explain the first Ionisation energy across period 3

increases across period 3 because of:

increased nuclear charge,
decreased atomic radius and
same electron shielding means more energy is needs to remove the first electron.

Dips at Al because: outer electron is in a 3p orbital, higher energy than 3s orbital → less energy needed to remove electron

Dips at S because one 3p orbital contains two electrons → repulsion between paired electrons → less energy needed to remove one

<p>increases across period 3 because of:</p><ul><li><p>increased nuclear charge,</p></li><li><p>decreased atomic radius and</p></li><li><p>same electron shielding means more energy is needs to remove the first electron.</p></li></ul><p>Dips at Al because: outer electron is in a 3p orbital, higher energy than 3s orbital → less energy needed to remove electron</p><p>Dips at S because one 3p orbital contains two electrons → repulsion between paired electrons → less energy needed to remove one</p>

3

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What happens to the first ionisation energy as you go down group 2? Why?

Decreases because: number of filled electron shells increases down the group → increased shielding, increased atomic radius → weaker force between outer electron and nucleus → less energy needed to remove electron

4

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How does reactivity with water change as you go down group 2?

Increases (Mg least → Ba most)

Because outer electrons further from nucleus and more electron shielding, so electrons are lost more easily

5

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Write an equation for the reaction of Barium and water

Ba (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ba(OH)₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

6

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Write an equation for the reaction of Magnesium and steam.

Mg (s) + H₂O (g) → MgO (s) + H₂ (g)

7

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What is the trend in hydroxide solubility down group 2?

Increases down the group

Mg(OH)₂ is almost insoluble

Ba(OH)₂ creates a strong alkaline solution

8

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What is the trend in sulphate solubility down group 2?

Decreases down group

MgSO₄ is soluble

BaSO₄ is insoluble

9

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What is the trend in melting point down group 2? Why?

Decreases down group

Because sea of delocalised electrons is further from the positive charge of the nucleus → weaker metallic bonds / forces of attraction which take less energy to weaken

10

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What is the trend in atomic radius down group 2?

Increases as there are more occupied electron shells down the group

11

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Write the equations for the extraction of Titanium using Magnesium.

TiO₂ + 2Cl₂ + C → TiCl₄ + CO₂

TiCl₄ (l) + 2Mg (s) → 2MgCl₂ (s) + Ti (s)

12

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What are flue gases?