M01 Pt. 2

Positivist and univeralist

Words to describe Western Psychology

Cross-Cultural Psychology
Cultural Psychology
Indigenous Psychology

Three approaches to the psychology of culture

Cross-Cultural Psychology

Approach wherein culture is operationalized as an antecedent variable, an index rather than a process, that is separate from human activity

Cross-Cultural Psychology

In this approach, culture is the independent variable and the individual is the dependent variable

Cross-Cultural Psychology

Methodological ideal is to carry a procedure established in one culture, with known psychometric properties, to one or more other cultures to make a cross-cultural comparison

Cross-Cultural Psychology

Derives its problems and procedures from established psychological methodology

Cultural Psychology

Cultural approach that views culture as "a way of knowing, of construing the world and others" wherein cultural, behavior, and mind are inseparable or culture as a process

1.) The construction of meaning 2.) Development and socialization

Two kinds of psychological processes that are central to the theoretical framework of cultural psychology

Indigenous Psychology

Cultural approach wherein its unique contribution is the notion that psychological concepts and psychology theory, not just data collection techniques, should be developed within each culture

Indigenous Psychology

The goal of this cultural approach is to take informal folk theories of psychological functioning and formalize them into psychological theories

Indigenous Psychology

Shares the spirit of cultural psychology while its method tend to resemble those of cross-cultural psychology

Indigenous Psychology

This approach is interested in culture as shared meanings

Indigenous Psychology

From ethnopsychology as object to ethnopsychology as model: This approach’s objective is to take folk theories and formalize them into psychological theories

Tends to privilege elite populations as subjects of study and culture change as a research topic

Shortcomings of Indigenous Psychology

Theoretical

Metatheoretical

Methodological

Meta-methodological

Directions of Cultural Psychology

Theoretical directions

Direction in which we should continue to challenge mainstream psychology to integrate cultural considerations in theory and research

Theoretical direction

The most important mission of the author with this direction is to introduce the idea of a deep structure of culture

All cultures must handle the issue of the relationship between person and group; and there are two basic alternatives for doing so: prioritize the individual or prioritize the group 

What is the deep principle of the theoretical direction?

Theoretical direction

This approach challenges universalism by continuing to address the issue of the relationship between persons and groups

Theoretical direction

This direction sees individualism-collectivism as a lens that serves as a powerful theory of cultural differentiation with one main postulate: the deep principle

Meta-theoretical direction

This approach challenges universalism by shifting from "universal" theories towards theories "indigenous to the West"

Meta-theoretical direction

This direction believes that a truly universal theory of cognitive development would have to include a cultural point between (1) scientific cognition as the most important goal of cognitive development and (2) knowledge of social interaction and social relevance as the most important goals of cognitive development

Metamethodological directions

This direction challenges universalism by expanding methodologies, particularly of indigenous psychology

Metamethodological directions

This direction deconstructs objectivity by stating that we all have different perspectives turning it into awareness of perspective

Methodological directions

This direction challenges universalism by doing away with

objectivity; shifting from "bias" towards perspective

Methodological directions

This direction believes that methods that are suitable to study action, interaction, and interpretive processes in naturalistic situations in various ecologies should be central to indigenous psychology 

Virgilio Enriquez

A founder of indigenous psychology in the Philippines