module 14 pt 1: personality disorders

Personality

Styles of thinking, feeling, and behaving that make each person unique and relatively stable across time and situations

Personality disorder

Long-standing patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that substantially impair social, occupational, or personal functioning

Reasons individuals seek treatment

Comorbid psychopathology, relationship difficulties, vocational problems, arrests, or hospitalization

Cluster A overview

Odd or eccentric disorders with mild psychotic-like symptoms, sub-threshold for full psychosis

Paranoid personality disorder

Chronic mistrust and suspicion of others, interprets motives as malevolent

Paranoid PD prevalence

2-4% of general population, more men than women in treatment, chronic course, transient psychotic symptoms

Paranoid PD risk factors

Family history of schizophrenia, parental neglect or abuse, traumatic brain injury, chronic cocaine use

Paranoid PD treatment

Build therapeutic trust, increase self-efficacy in handling difficult situations

Schizoid personality disorder

Persistent detachment from social relationships, restricted range of emotional expression, little enjoyment

Schizoid PD prevalence

1%, more men than women, rarely seek treatment

Schizoid PD risk factors

Heritability ~55%, genetic link to ASD, cognitive beliefs that relationships are undesirable

Schizotypal personality disorder

Eccentric or odd behavior, cognitive or perceptual distortions, discomfort in social situations but desire for social connection

Schizotypal PD distinguishing features

Paranoia, ideas of reference, odd beliefs or magical thinking, illusions

Schizotypal PD prevalence

6% lifetime, more men than women, may be precursor to schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders

Schizotypal PD risk factors

Genetic overlap with schizophrenia, dopamine dysregulation, deficits in attention and working memory

Cluster B overview

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders

Histrionic personality disorder

Attention-seeking, theatrical, shallow emotional expression, perceives relationships as more intimate than they are

Histrionic PD prevalence

Histrionic PD risk factors

Shared genetic risk with antisocial PD, maladaptive beliefs about needing to entertain or captivate others

Narcissistic personality disorder

Grandiose sense of self-importance, need for admiration, entitlement, lacks empathy, interpersonally exploitative

Narcissistic PD subtypes

Grandiose and vulnerable

Narcissistic PD prevalence

~1.6%, more men than women

Narcissistic PD risk factors

Grandiose—parental overvaluation; Vulnerable—childhood abuse and controlling/cold parenting

Man constantly accuses coworkers of plotting against him and mistrusts everyone

Paranoid personality disorder

Woman lives alone, avoids social interaction, and reports little pleasure in activities

Schizoid personality disorder

Student believes messages come from license plates and engages in magical rituals but wants friends

Schizotypal personality disorder

Woman is theatrical, rapidly shifts emotions, and believes her therapist is in love with her

Histrionic personality disorder

Man brags constantly, exploits coworkers, and becomes enraged when not admired

Narcissistic personality disorder

Which Cluster A personality disorder is characterized by detachment from social relationships and restricted emotional expression?

Schizoid personality disorder

Which personality disorder involves attention-seeking, theatrical behavior, and shallow emotions?

Histrionic personality disorder

A student believes that license plates contain secret messages and engages in magical thinking, but still desires friendships. Which disorder fits best?

Schizotypal personality disorder

A man constantly brags, exploits coworkers, and becomes enraged when not admired. Which personality disorder is this?

Narcissistic personality disorder

Which Cluster A disorder is primarily defined by chronic mistrust and suspicion of others?

Paranoid personality disorder