Ap units 3-4

Nation states

Boundaries of state match culture boundaries of nation

Absolutism

Single monarch hold power

Hanseatic league

A medieval group of European merchants and market

Great dying

A series of events that destroyed a lot of lives

Little Ice Age

Northern hemisphere temperature decreases

General crisis

Widespread, political, economic, and social upheaval in Europe

Colombian exchange

Massive trade because of New World because of Christopher Columbus

Mercantilism

Economic policy, Europe, nations control, trade to build national wealth

Encomienda system

Spanish had right to demand tribute and labor from natives

Mit’a System

Labor in Inca

Trading Post Empire

Relies on trades rather than territories

Creoles

Spanish born in America

Mestizo

mix of Native Americans in European

Mulattoes

mix of European and African

settler colonies

is colony established by immigrants

British/– Dutch East India company

a company that evolved from trading

Yasak

demand from Russian authority forced upon those conquered used with fur trade

Cossacks

Eastern Slavic forming communities

Peter the great

emperor of Russia in 1721

Westernization

cause to be influenced countries

Akbar

Mogul, emperor of India in 1556 through 1605

Aurangzeb

sixth Mughal emperor that expanded empire to greatest territorial extent

Daimyo

Japanese Lord

Samurai

Protected daimyos

shogun

military dictator in Japan

Zamindars

Powerful land holders in Mughal India

Transatlantic slave system

slavery over the Atlantic slaves come to the America’s

Cartaz

Naval trade license issued by Portuguese

Indentured servants

temporary slave to pay off debt

Protestant Reformation

movement that challenge catholic power

Martin Luther

create a Lutheran religion and challenge the pope in the Catholic Church

30 years of war

War between Catholic and Protestant

Extirpation

Disappearance of a species

Jesuits

Catholic missionaries going to China, spreading Christianity and learning Confucianism

Closed door edict

Japanese policy for strict isolation from foreigners

Scientific revolution

European scholars, challenge, traditional, and religious views

Enlightenment

18th century movement, emphasizing reason, individualism and natural rights

Janissaries

An elite professional soldier of ottoman, empire

Devshirme

A system used by Ottoman Empire to collect Christian boys from their families and trying to be soldiers while also being converted to Islamic