ch 21 test

macromolecules

substances that form from joining many small molecules together

cellular respiration

the process that cells get energy from glucose

monosaccharides

simple sugars

amino acids

the building blocks of protein

nucleotides

molecules made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate

homeostasis

the ability to maintain constant internal conditions when outside conditions change

negative feedback

a control system that helps the body maintain homeostasis by sending a signal to stop a response

positive feedback

a control system that sends a signal to increase a response

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus

What 6 elements make up 99% of the body?

groups similar cells that have a common function

What makes up tissue? 

2 or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body 

What makes up organs?

a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

What is an organ system?

cells

What is the smallest living thing? 

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

What are the four macromolecules?

Carbohydrates

Formed when monosaccharides (simple sugars) are formed together

Lipids

Also called fats, help insulate your body

Proteins

give cell structure, help cells communicate, and work as enzymes

Nucleic Acids

Formed when nucleotides join together

contain carbon and other elements held together by covalent bonds

What are organic molecules?

substances that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds

What are inorganic molecules?

one can be made from ionic or covalent bonds. one substances that cannot be broken down

What is the difference between compounds and elements?  

Peristalsis

What is the picture representing? 

excretory system

What system removes waste from the body? 

internal Temperature, hunger

What is an example of negative feedback?

childbirth, blood clotting

What is an example of positive feedback?

mechanical and chemical

What two types of digestion exist? 

the endocrine system uses chemical signaling (slower), the nervous system uses electrical signaling (faster)

How do the nervous and endocrine systems differ in their response to change? 

Pacemaker in the nervous system

How does the heart beat without you telling it to?

villi. blood and lymph vessels

What tiny structures line the small intestine and what is contained in them? 

your pupils get bigger

What happens to your eyes in the dark? 

all of the systems

What organ systems work to maintain homeostasis?

Contract to help move food; they help chew the food

How do muscles aid the digestive system at the stomach? 

For cellular respiration to work

Why do the cells of the body need oxygen?