Bio exam 3

Complex tissue

Made of more than one type of cell

Dermal tissue (in plants)

Outermost layer of cells that interact with the environment, complex tissue, made of epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes

Trichomes

Keep leaf surface cool, reduce water loss, store toxic compounds, and trap and digest insects

Ground tissue

Makes up bulk of plant’s interior

Made up of many tissues: parenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, and sclerenchyma cells (all of which are simple tissues)

Parenchyma cells

produce sugar

Collenchyma cells

support shoot system

Sclerenchyma cells

supports shoot system and protects seeds and fruits

Vascular tissue

Provvides support, functions in long distance transport of waterm dissolved nutrients, and sugar

Made up of two tissue types: xylem and phloem

Xylem

Conducts water and dissolved nutrients, provides structural support, contents flow in one direction

Contains two types of water conducting cells: both dead at maturity and both found in angiosperms

Phloem

Conducts food and hormones, contents flow in two directions

Consists of sieve-tube elements and companionc cells

Sieve-tube elements

Conduct sucrose throughout body

Companion cells

Support metabolic activity of sieve-tube elements

Meristems

Populations of undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to undergo mitosis

Primary growth

Elongation, occurs in all plants

Secondary growth

Girth, occurs in some plants

Zome of cellular maturation

Oldest cells, complete differentiation into dermal, vascular, and ground tissue

Zone of cellular elongation

Newer cells, cells derived from primary meristems, increase in length

Zone of cellular division

Newest cells, apical meristep cells divide producing protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium cells that divide

Root cap

Protects apical meristem and senses gravity

Vascular cambium

Located between secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Cork cambium

Located near the outer perimeter of the root, trunk, or branch

Do animal cells perfer hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic solution?

Isotonic

Do plant cells perfer hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic solution?

Hypotonic

Water potential

Potential energy for water to move

Solute potential

Tendency for water to move via osmosis

Pressure potential

Tendency of water to move in response to pressure

Root pressure

Active transport of minerals and ions into root

Simple tissue

Made up of one type of cell

Capillary action

Water movement due to properties of water (adhesion, cohesion, surface tension)

Cohesion-tension theory

Water moves up plants because evaporation (transpiration) at the leaves creates a pull (tension), and water molecules stick together (cohesion), forming a continuous column that is drawn upward from the roots.

Source

A tissue where sugar enters the phloem

Sink

A tissue where sugar exits the phloem

Pressure-flow hypothesis

Mechanism for movement of sucrose from source to sink

Sensor

Records a parameter

Integrator

Compares sensor input with set point, then instructs effectors

Effector

Changes parameter to return it to set point

Freshwater fish tissue is ____ compared to environment.

Hyperosmotic

Saltwater fish tissue is ____ compared to environment.

Hypoosmostic

Renal corpuscule

Filters blood

Proximal tubule

Reabsorbs nutrients, ions, and water, secrete ions and ammonia

Distal tubule

Reabsorbs ions and water, secretes ions

Loop of Henle

Concentrated urine and conserves water

How does ADH being present effect urine?

Small volume of concentrated urine

How does ADH not being present effect urine?

Large volume of dilute urine

Negative pressure ventilation

Pulling air into lungs

Positive pressure ventilation

Pushing air into lungs

Artery

Move blood away from heart, have thick layer of smooth muscle

Arteriole

Work with arteries

Veins

Return blood from tissues to heart

Venules

Work with veins

Capillaries

Small and thin-walled, aid in gas exchange