AP World Period 2

Networks of Exchange

Marco Polo

an Italian native who traveled to China in the late 13th century and wrote about his travels

Ibn Battuta

Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time

Mansa Musa

brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 to 1337; displayed Mali's wealth during an extravagant pilgrimage to Mесса

Margery Kemp

1373-1440 she was an English mystic who dedicated one of the earliest autobiographies in English. The book is significant because it's a first-hand account of a middleclass medieval woman's life

Zheng He

a Muslim admiral, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of seven great voyages that took his many ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa

Genghis Khan

name meaning "ruler of all" given to Temujin when he was elected khan of Mongolian Kingdom; also spelled Chinggis Khan

Kublai Khan

grandson of Genghis Khan that sought to conquer China and finally achieved it in 1271 and established the Yuan Dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang

Buddhist monk that led the revolt to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty in 1368

Song Dynasty

(906-1279) Chinese dynasty that preceded the Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty from 1368-1644 founded by Zhu Yuanzhang after the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

established by Kublai Khan in 1271 and was tolerant towards various religious groups in China

Golden Horde

Batu's army that pushed westward through Russia and then into Europe

Il-Khanate

Hulegu's medieval Mongol state that ruled over Persia, Mesopotamia, and parts of the Caucasus and Anatolia, blending Mongol and Islamic cultures while serving as a regional power in the 13th to 14th centuries

Mali Empire

West African empire from 1235-1400 with trading cities Timbuktu and Gao

Ghana Empire

first of the great medieval trading empires of western Africa known as the Land of Gold

Goryeo Empire

a medieval Korean kingdom that faced multiple Mongol invasions and ultimately became a vassal state under Mongol rule

Hangzhou

capital of the Song Dynasty

Malacca

a Muslim city-state that became wealthy by building a navy and collecting fees from ships that passed through the Strait of Malacса

Samarkand

located in present-day Uzbekistan in the Zeravshan River valley, this city was a stopping point on the Silk Roads between China and the Mediterranean

Gobi Desert

a desert in central Asia where many invaders came in to attack China

Indian Ocean Basin

largest sea-based trade network at the time

Khanates

the four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose after the death of Genghis Khan

Diaspora

settlements of people away from their homeland arising from trade

White Lotus Society

a secret society that began organizing to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty

Banking Houses

issued bills of exchange; model for modern banks

Caravanserai

inns that popped up about 100 miles apart (the distance camels could go before they needed water) along the routes of the Silk Roads

Caravan

groups of people traveling together for mutual protection, often with pack animals such as camels

Hanseatic League

a commercial alliance that formed between northern German cities and Scandinavia in the 13th century

Bills of Exchange

documents stating the holder was legally promised payment of a set amount on a set date

Pax Mongolica

the period of Mongolian peace between the 13th and 14th centuries

Tumen

a military unit consisting of approximately 10,000 soldiers, led by a commander known as a noyan, and formed the backbone of the Mongol military organization during their conquests

Monsoons

heavy winds that affected trade routes in the Indian Ocean

Soil Erosion

Magnetic Compass

navigation tool for determining direction that allowed ships to travel without following the coast

Astrolabe

an instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars

Junk Ship

Chinese sailing ship that developed during the Song Dynasty

Lateen Sails

triangular shaped sail that could catch wind from many different directions