Carbohydrates - unit 1

Hexose

• a sugar monomer that makes a carbohydrate polymer

• has the formula C6H12O6

• has 6 carbon atoms, forming a ring shape

• very soluble in water

• examples: glucose, fructose, galactose

• sugar monomers come as 3c and 7c atoms but are most common as 6c

glycosidic bond

• high energy covalent bond

• joins a carbohydrate molecule to another molecule

• form by a condensation reaction (water released)

• forms between the hydroxyl (-OH) group of one sugar and the aldehyde (CH=O), or the ketone (CH2)nCO group on another sugar

what breaks a glycosidic bond?

hydrolysis (adding water)

types of bonds

• alpha: linkage has the oxygen below the sugar

• beta: linkage has the oxygen above the sugars

• types of link can be found by the location of the hydroxyl group (OH)

naming the linkages

the numbers in the bond describe the location of the connecting carbons from both molecules