Summary of Key Hormones and Hormone-Like Substances

These flashcards encompass key hormones and their effects, origins, and targets based on the provided lecture notes.

Releasing hormones (RH)

Origin: Hypothalamus

Target: pituitary gland
Effect: Hormones produced by the hypothalamus that stimulate the production of certain pituitary hormones.

Inhibiting hormones (IH)

Origin: hypothalamus

Target: pituitary gland
Effect: Hormones produced by the hypothalamus that inhibit the production of certain pituitary hormones.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Origin: Hypothalamus

Target: kidneys and blood vessels
Effect: Hormone released from the hypothalamus (via pituitary) that stimulates water retention and increases blood pressure.

Oxytocin

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone released from the hypothalamus (via pituitary) that stimulates smooth muscle contraction and ejection of milk from mammary glands.

Growth hormone (GH)

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the pituitary gland that increases growth, cell division, and metabolic rates.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the pituitary gland that stimulates the release of thyroid hormones.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the pituitary gland that stimulates the release of adrenal corticosteroids.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the pituitary gland that stimulates gametogenesis and follicle development.

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the pituitary gland that helps regulate gonad function.

Melatonin

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates circadian rhythms.

Thyroid hormone (TH; T3 and T4)

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormones from the thyroid gland that increase growth and metabolic rates and raise body temperature.

Calcitonin

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the thyroid gland that reduces blood calcium.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the parathyroid glands that increases blood calcium.

Aldosterone

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the adrenal cortex that increases sodium and water retention.

Cortisol and Cortisone

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormones from the adrenal cortex that speed up glucose synthesis and glycogen formation; have anti-inflammatory effects.

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (adrenaline)

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormones from the adrenal medulla that parallel the function of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system.

Erythropoietin

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production.

Glucagon

Origin:

Target:

Effect:

Hormone from the pancreas that increases rates of glycogen breakdown and glucose release.

Insulin

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood glucose levels.

Testosterone

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the testes that stimulates sperm production and promotes male secondary sexual development.

Estrogen

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the ovaries that supports ovarian follicle development and female secondary sexual development.

Progesterone

Origin:

Target:
Effect: Hormone from the ovaries that prepares the uterus for implantation and the mammary glands for secretion.