Cerebral Functions Part 1 Brodman’s Areas ang frontal cortex

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key areas of cerebral functions and Brodmann areas based on the notes from the lecture.

Brodmann Areas

52 areas of the brain divided based on gross anatomy and cellular structure. System that allows us to identify regions of the brain.

Broca's Area

Brodmann Area 44 and 45, involved in speech production and language processing.

Wernicke's Area

Brodmann Area 22, important for language comprehension.

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

Involved in motivation, response selection/inhibition, and executive functions like attention, decision-making, planning, organizing, working memory, problem solving

Occupies BA 9, 10, 46.

Language functions: regulates spontaneous speech and verbal fluency

May aid in resolving conflict rom lang. interference in bilinguals. Inhibits language not being used.

Damage to dorsolateral prefrontal

Poor planning and adjusting to new situations, impaired working memory, perseveration, reduced word fluency, work is problematic unless jobs are repetitive

Patients with frontal lobe regions struggle with…

Sorting tasks, planning tasks, mazes, etc.

Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VPFC)

Involved in judgment, emotion suppression, conflict resolution and working and episodic memory

Episodic meaning memories for tasks, judgments, making decisions

occupies BA 45, 47.

Role in Motor Inhibition!! Ex.sudden stopping

Orbitalfrontal Cortex (OFC)

Involved in learning, decision-making, and regulating social behavior, inhibiting socially inappropriate responses [agression, sexual behavior]

occupies BA 11, 12.

Determines emotional value of info

Impulse control and response inhibition

Precentral Gyrus

Primary motor cortex located in the frontal lobe responsible for movement.

Postcentral Gyrus

Primary sensory cortex located in the parietal lobe responsible for processing sensory information.

Akinesia

Impaired initiation of movement and distractibility

Orbito-frontal/medial-frontal damage

Mutism

Absent speech with decreased responsiveness to communication.

Orbito-frontal/medial-frontal damage

Abulia/Apathy

Lack of self-initiated action or absence of willpower.

Orbito-frontal/medial-frontal damage

Other symptoms of orbito-frontal/medial-frontal damage

Reduced/ excessive emotional expression

Reduced/ excessive movement/, eating/drinking

Reduced social activity

Inappropriate social behavior

Reduced speech (left hemisphere)

Poor sense of self

Dysarthria

Speech disorder resulting from motor control problems.

Motor Homunculus

Topographical representation of the body in the primary motor cortex.

Cognitive functions

Include executive control, planning, organizing, and problem-solving.

Phineas Gage

19th-century case study that highlighted the role of the prefrontal cortex in personality and decision-making.

Frontal Eye Fields

Controls eye movements; involved in uncertainty and hope.

Primary Visual Cortex

Brodmann Area 17, responsible for processing visual information.

Judgment and Decision Making

Functions of different prefrontal areas including OFC and MFC in assessing rewards and regulating behaviors.

Primary language areas

Brocas and Wernickie

Primary Auditory Area

Heschl’s Gyrus

man who survived but with complete personality changes from trauma to his prefrontal cortex

Phineas Gage

Frontal Lobe perimeters

Central sulcus[top/middle] and Sylvian fissure [bottom portion]

Frontal lobe divided into

Motor strip, premotor area, supplementary motor area, prefrontal cortex

Prefrontal cortex

Executive control, decision making, personality, social behavior, decision making, problem solving, self, awareness

Big role in memory, judgement and behavior!

___is connected to hypothalamus, medial thalamus, amygdala and association cortices of other lobes

‘Frontal Lobe’

Receives info on sensation, motivation, and emotion

Medial frontal cortex

Also involved in decision making, processing expression of emotion, working spatial and emotional memory

Occupies BA 24, 25, 32

Self reflection, foresight, social cognition, mentalizing