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Wave
a repeating disturbance that travels through either matter or space, accompanied by a transfer of energy.
Pulse
A wave that only happens once
What are the two kinds of waves?
Mechanical and electromagnetic
What do all waves carry?
energy
Medium
The matter a wave travels through
What is a mechanical wave?
A wave that requires a medium
What is an electromagnetic wave?
A wave that does not require a medium
What is a transverse wave?
A wave that travels horizontally
What is the line of equilibrium?
The line where the medium would be at rest
What is a crest?
The top of a transverse wave
What is a trough?
The bottom of a transverse wave
What is a wavelength?
The distance from two identical parts of a wave
What is a transverse amplitude?
The distance from either a trough or crest from the line of equilibrium
What is a longitudinal/compression wave?
A wave where the wave travels parallel to the energy
What is a compression?
A part where is medium is compressed
What is a rarefaction?
The thin part of the wave
What is a longitudinal amplitude?
The amount of matter that is compressed or rarified
What is Rectilinear Propagation?
Waves that travel in straight lines
What is reflection?
When a light wave bounces off a boundary
What is refraction?
Waves bending as they slow down and enter a medium
What is diffraction?
Waves bending around a barrier
What is constructive interference?
Waves that build on eachother
What is destructive interference?
When waves cancel each other out
What type of wave is a sound wave?
longitudinal/compression
What is pitch and what is it related to?
how high or low a sound is. Related to wave frequency
What is loudness and what is it related to
volume. Related to wave amplitude
What is timbre and what is it related to?
the description of sound(scratchy, smooth, ect.) and the shape of the wave
Eardrum
Vibrates at the same frequency as the sound
Ossicles
3 tiny bones that amplify the eardrums’ vibrations
Cochlea
The magic part of the ear that contains hair cells that turns sound into energy
Cochlear/auditory nerve
where all the hair cells meet and forma nerve that connects to your brain where all the sound is processed
What are the 4 ways sound is produced?
Vibration of a string, reed, membrane, or air column
What point on a transverse wave has the highest energy?
Crest and trough
Semicircular canals
Responsible for balance
What is the quietest sound a person can hear?
0dB
What is the threshold of pain?
120dB
What is the range of FREQUENCIES humans can hear?
20Hz-20000Hz
What is infrasonic?
Frequencies BELOW our hearing(20Hz)
What is ultrasonic?
Frequencies ABOVE our hearing(20000Hz)
What is the Doppler Effect?
A perceived change in frequency caused by an object catching up to it’s sound waves
What is supersonic?
Faster than sound
What is subsonic?
Slower than sound
What is a sonic boom?
When all the compressions of a sound wave are compressed as an object approaches the speed of sound
If you are around ____dB for a consistent amount of time, the gov requires that you wear headphones
90
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