Week 7 PSY10007 Lecture - Hypnosis and Drugs

Flashcards about altered states of consciousness, including hypnosis and the effect of drugs.

What are the two altered states of consciousness discussed in the lecture?

Hypnosis and the impact of drugs.

What are the core characteristics of the hypnotic state?

Deep relaxation, narrowed attentional focus, increased responsiveness to suggestion, and reduced capacity for critical thinking and reality testing.

What are some effects observed during the hypnotic state?

Age regression, change in pain perception, and recall of memories into consciousness.

What makes someone more susceptible to hypnosis?

High levels of hypnotic susceptibility/suggestibility, imagination, capacity to fantasize, suggestibility, ability to focus attention, quick information processing, and positive attitudes about hypnosis.

What is a key component necessary for someone to be hypnotized?

Willingness and openness to the process.

What are post hypnotic suggestions?

Instructions about behavior to take place after hypnosis, which can last for hours or days.

What is post hypnotic amnesia?

An inability to remember what happened under hypnosis.

Describe age regression in the context of hypnosis.

When a person undergoing hypnosis experiences going back and recalling childhood memories.

List five changes that people display during hypnosis according to Hilgard's dissociation theory.

Reduced planfulness, redistributed attention, increased ability to fantasize, increased role taking, and reduced reality testing.

What are the three main theories used to explain hypnosis?

State theories, Nonstate theories, and Dissociation theory.

What is the main difference between state and non-state theories of hypnosis?

State theories propose an altered state of consciousness occurs, while non-state theories propose that there is no altered state of consciousness.

How do drugs alter consciousness?

By acting directly on neurotransmitter receptor sites in the brain, either as agonists or antagonists.

What role do expectations play in the effects of drugs?

Expectations of a drug's effects may play a role in how it alters conscious experience, similar to hypnosis.

What are the three main classes of psychoactive substances?

Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.

How do depressants affect neural transmission?

They slow down neural transmission.

How do stimulants affect neural transmission?

They speed up neural transmission.

How do hallucinogens affect consciousness?

They cause hallucinations.

What are main effects vs undesirable side effects of drugs?

Drugs have desirable main effects, but many also have undesirable side effects.

What are the two types of dependence related to drug use?

Psychological dependence and physical dependence.

How is drug tolerance defined?

A condition in which increasingly large drug doses are needed to produce the same effect.

What is an agonist?

A drug that occupies receptors and activates them, mimicking the effects of the neurotransmitter.

What is an antagonist?

A drug that occupies receptors but does not activate them, blocking receptor activation by agonists.

How learned expectations impact drug affects?

Learned expectations can also play a role in how drug effects manifest and they are not determined by biochemistry alone.

How does alcohol affect neurotransmitters?

Alcohol enhances the effect of endorphins, interacts with dopamine systems, and affects GABA activity.

What effects do central nervous system stimulating drugs do?

They increase behavioral and mental activity.

How do opiates affect consciousness?

They can induce sleep and relieve pain with morphine and heroin having complex effects and are a highly addictive class of drugs.

What is another name for hallucinogenic drugs and what do they do?

Also called psychedelics, and they create a sort of a loss of contact with reality.