Unit 10 Concepts: IMFs

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9 Terms

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Intramolecular forces

within a molecule together

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Intermolecular forces

between different molecules

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Dispersion forces

  • Weakest IMF

  • Non-polar

  • Momentary dipole

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Dipole-dipole

  • Polar molecules

  • Medium strength

  • Can induce a dipole in a nonpolar molecule

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Hydrogen bonding

  • H-F, H-O, H-N

  • Nonpolar molecules

  • Hydrogen bonded to small, highly electronegative aroms

  • Strongest covalent IMF

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Boiling point

  • Stronger IMFs

  • More electrons

  • Intermolecular forces break to cause boiling

  • Directly related to atmospheric pressure

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Viscosity

  • Determined by IMFs

  • Size of molecule

  • Temp

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Solids

  • Stronger IMFs than liquids at same temp

  • Water is an exception: less dense in solid form

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Electron cloud distortion

  • Determines polarizability

  • Increases with IMF strength

  • Induces momentary dipoles