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All key terms and important facts ( case studies included ) to pass your paper 1!
3 Types of tropical cyclones/storms
Typhoon, cyclone, hurricane
Abiotic
All non-living parts of an ecosystem eg soil/sun
Afforestation
planting trees
Air mass
A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height
Altitude
the height of the land
American Squirrel monkey adaptation in TRF
Smaller thighs than calves for greater jumping power and ability to jump longer distances.
An example of an epiphyte
Orchid
At what wind speed does a storm become a tropical cyclone?
74mph
Atmospheric circulation
Air moving from high to low pressure areas causing winds to form
Attrition Definition
the process where rocks and sediment carried by a river or waves knock against each other and become smaller, smoother, and more rounded.
biological weathering
the process by which living organisms break down rocks
Biome
A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms
Biome of the UK
Temperate/Deciduous forest
Biosphere
the part of Earth where life exists
Biotic meaning
All living components of an ecosystem eg animals
Causes of deforestation TRF
Road Building, logging, Hydro Electric Power dams (HEP), Urbanisation/Pop growth, Agriculture-Cattle ranching + Soya farming, Mining
Characteristic of woodland biome
Many trees
Fertile, nutrient rich soil
Climate
The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
Climate Change impacts on the DW
Forces DW further north (seeds)
Polluted water
Reduced biodiversity
Climate change impacts on the TRF
Less biodiversity
Increased death rates
Some species may go extinct
Extreme temperatures
Climatic factors examples
Precipitation
air pressure
temperature
prevailing winds
Cold Ocean current example
Humboldt Current
Constructive wave
a wave where the swash is stronger than the backwash
Continental air mass characteristics
Warm and sunny days
Coriolis effect
The effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents.
Deer adaptation DW
Spotted fur for camouflage in woodland setting
Define hard engineering.
Man-made structures built to control the flow of rivers and reduce flooding.
Define igneous rock.
Igneous rock is formed when magma from the mantle cools and hardens.
Define the term bay.
A bay is a wide, curved indentation of the shoreline, often with a beach.
Define the term fetch.
Fetch is one of the factors that determines the height and strength of a wave, it refers to the distance the wind has blown over the water.
Define the term mass movement.
Mass movement is the downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity.
Define the term saltation.
Saltation is the bouncing movement of particles along the river bed.
Define the term slump
A slump is a type of mass movement where a large area of land moves down a slope in one piece, leaving a curved, indented surface behind
Define the term weathering.
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth's surface due to physical, chemical, and biological processes.
Deforestation causes DW
Agriculture
Timber extraction- reduced by coniferous forest
Population growth/urbanisation
Destructive wave
a wave where the backwash is greater than the swash
Detritivores
Organisms that eat dead organic matter
Different groups that respond to tropical cyclones
Individuals and communities
Organisations
Governments
Drought
A long period of dry weather/below average precipitation
DW fauna adaptations
Adapted to survive cold winters when little food left to eat;
Migration
Hibernation
Food storage
Ecosystem
A community of organisms and their abiotic environment
ecotourism
A form of tourism that supports the conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique areas
Enhanced Greenhouse effect causes
Human activities like burning fossil fuels
Enhanced greenhouse effect definition
The increased Greenhouse effect which humans are responsible for - Less heat escapes into space
Environmental Impacts of Californian drought
Less Vegetation due to dry and cracked soil, Animals are dehydrated and at risk of extinction.
Epiphytes
Small plants that grow on other trees' branches and get nutrients from air
Estimated Property Damage cost by Hurricane Sandy
around 65 BILLION USD
Example of a warm ocean current
Gulf Stream/ Gulf of Mexico
Example of Detritivores diet
faeces
examples of goods
Fuel
Timber
Food
Medicine
Examples of local factors
Distance from sea, Altitude, Distance from equator, Soil/Rock type, Ocean currents
Examples of NGOs that responded to Ethiopian Drought
Unicef, Oxfam, etc.
Examples of responses to tropical cyclones
Evacuations
Rescue Efforts
Providing Aid
Repairing Infrastructure
Improved Forecasting
Examples of Services
Tourism - Economy
Soaking up CO2 by plants
Fauna examples TRF
Toucan
Poison dart frog
American Squirrel Monkey
Fauna of the DW
Hedgehog, deer, fox, badger
Fox adaptation DW
dig deep dens to keep warm in the winter
Function of ocean currents
To redistribute heat around the world
Goods of the TRF
Medical drugs
Oxygen
Timber- hardwood
Heathlands biome characteristics
Not many trees
Bright and colourful flora
Flat land
Sandy soil
Hedgehog adaptation DW
Hibernate when food is low
High air pressure
Cooler air sinks and hotter air rises
In summer - hot and sunny
In winter- cold and sunny
How are jet streams made/ what are the causes?
Formed when hot and cold air meet.
Air north of a jet stream is cool
Air south of a jet stream is warm
How are oxbow lakes formed
Oxbow lakes form when one meander erodes into another, cutting off water to part of the stream channel.
How are Sedimentary rocks formed?
Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments and the remains of plants and animals that have settled at the bottom of a lake or ocean.
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