LESSON 1: INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY TODAY

ICT

Collectively refers to the technologies, both

hardware and software, that enable

humans to communicate with one another

Computer Hardware

Physical parts of the computer that you can see and touch

Computer Software

Set of instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.

A PRE-MECHANICAL PERIOD

 around 3000 BCE to 1450 CE

 humans started communicating with one another using words and pictograms carved in rocks

 started to write symbols as substitutes for pictures to depict ideas, objects and animals

Abacus

PRE-MECHANICAL PERIOD

 The Abacus was considered to be the first counting device in the 2nd century BCE

MECHANICAL PERIOD

 This period is the advent of the mechanical calculator called the Pascaline

Pascaline

MECHANICAL PERIOD

Analytical Engine

MECHANICAL PERIOD

 Charles Babbage (Father of Computers), a mathematician invented the Analytical Engine, which considered the first programmable mechanical computer.

algorithm

MECHANICAL PERIOD

Ada Lovelace (first computer programmer), provided the algorithm for the Analytical Engine

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL PERIOD

 In this period, the use of electricity for information handling and transfer increase

Telegraph

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL PERIOD

telephone

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL PERIOD

 In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was granted the patent for the telephone.

 The telephone converts sounds into electricity and enables the telephones network to transmit it over copper wires

ELECTRONIC PERIOD

 The last period in ICT history

 It started in 1940s and continues to the present.

 It focused on the advent of solid state devices / electronic devices

 Late vacuum tubes period

ELECTRONIC PERIOD

 Used as on/off switches, vacuum

tubes allowed the first computers

to perform digital computations.

 Although tubes made a comeback

in high-end stereo components,

they have long since been

abandoned for TVs and computer

monitors.

TRANSISTORS

ELECTRONIC PERIOD

 An electronic device with properties and functions similar to

vacuum tubes, but it is lightweight and faster.

 A transistor is an electronic component that is used in circuits to

either amplify or switch electrical signals or power, allowing it to be

used in a wide array of electronic devices

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (IC)

ELECTRONIC PERIOD

 An electronic device with properties and functions similar to vacuum tubes, but it is lightweight and faster

MICROPROCESSORS

ELECTRONIC PERIOD

 (constructed in the forms of IC)

personal computers used these

processor to deliver user

applications.

 Computers are evolving from

basic textual interfaces to

graphical user interface (GUI)

World Wide Web

 An information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet.

Internet

a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an Internet connection.

Web versions

include Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0

WEB 1.0 (STATIC WEB)

 Web 1.0 or the Read-only Web wherein the information or hypertext file is accessed by the user.

 There were no facilities to interact with it other than to read or view the content.

WEB 2.0 (DYNAMIC WEB)

 Web 2.0 or the Read-and-Write Web wherein users or viewers can

edit the content of the files they were accessing.

WEB 3.0 (SEMANTIC EXECUTING WEB)

 Web 3.0 is the envisioned to be a smarter access of hypertext files

and a version that would enable a wider range of search in a fast

manner.

WEB 4.0 (MODERN INTERACTIVE WEB)

 Web 4.0 is a new network model based on the Web3. It is a web

where human and machines can interact in symbiosis.

NETIQUETTE

 network + etiquette

 Netiquette is a set of ideal rules and conduct that a netizen should observe in communicating and/or publishing information and materials over the World Wide Web and in ICT in general

netizen

refers to the person who is a member or part of the online community