M11- Nutrition

What does the MyPlate do

• Helps in choosing food types and amounts based on age, gender, and activity level • Focuses on balancing calories and helps identify which foods you should increase and which you should decrease

What are carbs consisting of

• Consist of sugars, starches, and fiber • Can be simple or complex • Carbs are broken down into blood glucose • Fiber helps lower cholesterol, regulate blood sugar, aid in digestion, and promote regular bowel movements

What are proteins consist of

• Basic building blocks of cells• Composed of amino acids• Make up muscle and blood components andhelp keep other body organs working• Good sources of protein include meat, poultry, eggs, nuts, seeds, seafood, beans, peas, and soy

What are fats consisting of Unsaturated fats are typically found in

cold-water fish, nuts, and plant matter • Saturated fats are found in meat, some dairyproducts, coconut oil, and palm oil • Cholesterol types include LDL and HDL • High LDL cholesterol levels are linked to heart disease• Limit saturated fats and LDL cholesterol in diet

Vitamins and Minerals are needed to

Keep the body healthy• Vitamins are found in plant matter and animals • Minerals are elements from the earth • Residents may require supplements • There are 2 types of vitamins—fat soluble and water soluble

What are some examples of water –soluble minerals

• B1, B2, B6, B12, and C• Niacin• Folic acid

What are some examples of fat–soluble minerals

• A, D, E, and K • Taking in too many fat-soluble vitamins can result in hypervitaminosis

What is the use of calcium and what is it found it

Muscle function,Building bone,Nerve function; Dairy products,Spinach,Salmon

What is the use of folic acid and what is it found it

Prevention of birth defects; Cell growth, Dark green vegetables, Enriched breads/cereals, Lentils

What is the use of iron and what is it found it

Cell growth,Oxygen delivery; Beef,Liver

What is the use of magnesium and what is it found it

Bone strength, Immune system function, Muscle and nerve function; Almonds, Spinach, Oatmeal

What is the use of zinc and what is it found it

Immune system function, Wound healing, Cell growth; Beef, Peanut butter, Beans and peas

What is the use of vitamin A and what is it found it

Vision health, Bone growth,Immune system function; Carrots, Milk, Cantaloupe

What is the use of vitamin B6 and what is it found in

Nerve function,Immune system function,Hemoglobin production;Potatoes,Cereals, Bananas

What is the use of vitamin B12 and what is it found it

Blood cell formation, DNA synthesis; Clams, Cereals, Liver

What is the use of vitamin D and what is it found it

Calcium absorption,Inflammation reduction; Sun exposure, Milk, Salmon

What is the use of vitamin E and what is it found it

Antioxidant properties,Immune system function; Almonds, Peanut butter, Sunflower seeds

When calculating fluid intake, make sure that any item is

liquid at room temperature • Calculate and document in cc’s or mLs

What is dehydration

• Occurs when body takes in less fluid than it excretes • May be caused by vomiting, fever, or poor intake • Can be life-threatening

What do grains include and why should we consume it

• Include whole and refined grains • Adults should consume 6 to 8 servings per day • Can help maintain weight, reduce cardiovascular disease, prevent constipation, and offer protection from anemia

What do fruits include and why do we consume it

• Include fruit and 100% fruit juice• Juice does not offer fiber• Adults should eat about 2 cups daily• Help maintain healthy body weight and can reduce risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers

What do Vegetable’s include subcategories such as

• Subcategories include dark green leafy, orange,and starchy vegetables; dried beans and peas;and other • Adults should eat at least 2 to 3 cups daily • Can help reduce risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers

What do Dairy products include add how much should we eat

any milk-based product that retains calcium content after processing • Most adults should get 3 servings daily\ • Serving = 1 cup of milk or 1.5 ounces of cheese • Can help maintain healthy weight, bone mass, and blood pressure

What do proteins include and how much do we need

• Includes meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, seeds, dried beans and peas, and some items from dairy group • Adults should eat about 5 to 6 ounces daily• High-fat choices can increase risk of obesity, heart disease, and some cancers

When feeding resident make sure that

the tray ,matches the resident, they have their clothing protector, wear gloves, alternate food and drink as their meal progresses, use napkins to clean them

What’s a DASH diet

• Recommended for all adults and children as a heart-healthy way of eating• Reduces cholesterol and increases insulin receptivity• Helps lower blood pressure without the use of medication; it encourages • Vegetables, fruits, beans, and nuts • Low-fat dairy products, lean protein, and fiber • Foods rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium • Food and drinks with no added sugar

What does the diabetic diet include

• Individualized plan that considers all carbohydrates • Typically developed by registered dietician • Factors in age, weight, physical activity, gender, and medical conditions of resident

What does a low-sodium diet include

• For residents with edema, kidney disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes • May be limited to only 1,500 mg sodium daily • Daily recommended amount for healthy adult is 2,300 mg • Encourage residents to eat fruits and vegetables

What does a low cholesterol diet include

• For residents with heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, or history of heart attack or stroke • Avoid cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fats • Encourage intake of plant matter and meat alternatives

What does a Gluten-free diet include

• Necessary for residents with celiac disease • Any grain—except rice—is eliminated from diet • Avoid foods that use gluten as filler • Reduces symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea

What does a Lactose-free diet include

• Residents may need to avoid dairy products,take lactase enzyme tablets, or eat lactose-free products, Reduces symptoms of lactose intolerance such as abdominal bloating, nausea, and diarrhea

Choosing between Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) and Enteral Feeding depends entirely on whether the patient’s digestive system is functional.

Enteral feeding is the preferred method when the gut still works; it involves delivering a special liquid formula through a tube surgically implanted into the stomach or passed through the nose, administered either continuously or in bolus doses. For safety, the resident must remain in a Fowler’s or seated position to prevent aspiration. In contrast, TPN is used when the GI tract requires complete rest or is non-functional. It is a temporary, highly concentrated solution of vitamins, minerals, and calories delivered directly into the bloodstream via a central vein, usually accompanied by lipids. While enteral feeding mimics natural digestion and maintains gut health, TPN is a more complex, sterile intervention used only when the "gut-to-vein" bypass is medically necessary.