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heat
the amount of energy transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object and measured in Joules
internal energy of an object
the sum of all kinetic energy of its molecules plus the intermolecular potential energy and measured in joules
a change in kinetic energy will change the .. of the system
temperature
a change in potential energy will change the … of the system
phase
Avogadro constant
amount of particles In one mole
mole
6,02 × 10²³ particles of something it is the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance
molar mass
the mass of one mole of a substance
phases:
gas, liquid solid
the phase gas
molecules far apart and intermolecular and intermolecular forces are low (negligible for ideal gasses)
the phase liquid
molecules are closer together and intermolecular forces are bigger
the phase solid
molecules are packed together sometimes in a crystal and intermolecular forces are large
intermolecular bonds
are bonds that hold molecules together, according to molecular theory, a phase transition means the bonds get stronger or weaker
specific heat capacity
the energy needed to warm up 1 Kg of matter by 1 degree
specific latent heat
energy needed for 1 kg of matter to go through a phase change, during this process the temperature is constant
ideal gasses assumptions (Nites)
netwond law of mechanics apply
intermolecular forces are negligible
time of collisions are negligible
elastic collisions (no energy lost)
small point particles
pressure of gas macroscopic
is equal to the force applied per area and measured in pascals
pressure of gas microscopic
pressure indicates how often molecules are bumping into the sides of a container
pressure-volume law (Boyle’s law)
when temperature is constant pV=constant
volume-temperature law (Charle’s law)
when pressure is constant V/T=constant
pressure-temperature law (Guy-lussac’s)
when volume is held constant p/T=contant
are kinetic energy and temperature proportional in a gas?
yes
emissivity (conceptual definition)
a measure of a material’s ability to emit thermal radiation
emissivity (definition)
the ratio of the power radiated per unit area by a material to that of a black body of the same temperature
a black body
an ideal entity that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation and remits perfectly
albedo
the fractions solar energy reflected off a surface back into space (total scattered power/totral incident power)
Latitude
How far north or south of the equator a place is, with 0 degrees being the equator and 90 degrees being the north or South Pole.
green house gasses 4
methane (CH4)
water vapour (H20)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
nitros oxide (N20)
greenhouse effect
the mechanism where some of the incoming radiation of the sun is trapped within the earth surface-atmosphere system
greenhouse gasses
gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation directly from the sun and from the surface of the earth
conduction
transfer of heat through direct contact between particles
convection
transfer of heat through fluids by the collection of fast moving molecules from one place to another
radiation
the mechanism where thermal energy can pass directly between two bodies without increasing the temperature of the material in-between
luminosity
the amount of energy a black body emits
intensity
the power transferred per unit area
wien’s law
the wavelength at which the maximum intensity of radiation is emitted is related to the absolute temperature of a black body
Note 
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