Sharot et al.

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16 Terms

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Aim

Investigate the biological basis of flashbulb memory and determine the role of the amygdala in emotional memory recall related to 9/11.
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What type of experiment was conducted to study flashbulb memory related to 9/11?
A quasi-experiment conducted 3 years after 9/11.
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Who were the participants in the study?
Participants who were in New York City on 9/11.
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What method was used to assess participants' memories during the study?
Participants underwent fMRI scanning while recalling 9/11-related memories and summer holiday memories.
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What kind of cues were used to assist memory retrieval in the study?
Word cues like 'September' for 9/11 memories and 'Summer' for summer holiday memories.
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What did participants rate regarding their memories?
Participants rated their memories for vividness, detail, confidence, and arousal.
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What did ppts write about their memories?

Descriptions

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What percentage of participants reported having flashbulb memories?
Only half of the participants reported having flashbulb memories.
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How did proximity to the World Trade Center affect memory recall?
Participants closer to the World Trade Center reported more vivid and detailed memories.
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What was observed regarding amygdala activation in participants?

Amygdala activation was higher when recalling 9/11 memories for those closer to the event

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What did amygdala activation correlate with?

Flashbulb memory formation

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What is the conclusion drawn from the findings of the study?
Personal proximity to a traumatic event enhances emotional memory encoding via the amygdala, which plays a key role in flashbulb memories.
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What is a major factor in strong emotional memory recall?

Direct personal experiences

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(+) What was a positive evaluation point of the study regarding internal validity?

High internal validity as no demand characteristics were present; memory recall could not be consciously manipulated.
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(-) What was a negative evaluation point regarding ecological validity?

Low ecological validity due to the nature of the study and the artificial fMRI setting.
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(-) What was a limitation of the study related to generalizability?

Low generalizability due to a small, culturally biased sample, making findings possibly non-generalizable across different cultures.