AP Chem Unit 4 Vocab

Strong acids (6)

H2SO4, HI, HBr, HNO3, HCl, HClO4

Strong bases

Any group 1 or 2 hydroxides

Properties of weak electrolytes (3)

1. Partial dissociation or ionization in solution; solute still exists as molecule and not ions

2. Weak acids or weak bases

3. Reaction reversible

Solution prep from solid (6)

1. Calculate mass of solid needed and measure it using a balance and weighing paper

2. Transfer the solid to a volumetric flask of desired volume

3. Add distilled water to around the halfway point

4. Seal volumetric flask and swirl to ensure dissolution

5. Add distilled water until the calibration line

6. Seal volumetric flask and swirl to ensure homogenous solution

Solution prep from stock solution (4)

1. Calculate the volume of stock solution needed, measure that volume using a graduated cylinder (for precision)

2. Transfer the stock solution to a volumetric flask of desired volume

3. Add distilled water up to the fill line

4. Seal volumetric flask and swirl to ensure homogeneous solution

Compounds with these ions are soluble (4)

Sodium Na, Nitrate NO3, Ammonium NH4, Potassium K

Whether or not a double replacement reaction occurs depends on if the products have (3)

Precipitate (insoluble salt), molecular compounds (gas or liquid), weak acid or weak base

Arrhenius acid and base

When dissolved, acid produces H+, base produces OH-

Brønsted-Lowry acid and base

Acid donates H+, base accepts (grabs) H+

Lewis acid and base

Acid accepts e- (lone pair), base donates e-

Amphoteric

Substances can be either an acid or a base