chemistry module 2 amount of substance

what is avogadros constant

6.02 × 10²³

how to find moles

mass divided by mr

what is the molar gas volume

the volume occupied by one mole of any gas. 24 dm³

definition of molecular formula

number and type of each atom in a molecule

what is empirical formula

simplest whole number ratio of elements present in one molecule of the compound

how to find molecular formula

relative molecular mass of the molecular formula / relative molecular mass of the empirical formula

what is water of crystallisation

when some compounds can form crystals which have water as part of their structure

what is a hydrated compound

a compound that contains water of crystallisation

what is stochiometry

ratio of moles of all the reactants and products

what is the concentration of a solution

the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

equation for moles using volume

moles = volume / 24, or moles = volume x concentration

what is the ideal gas equation

PV=nRT

what is the value of p in the ideal gas equation

pressure, in pa

what is the value of v in the ideal gas equation

volume, m³

what is the value of r in the ideal gas equation

gas constant, 8.314

what is the value of n in the ideal gas equation

number of moleswh

what is the value of t in the ideal gas equation

temperature, Kelvin

how to convert from cm³ to m³

x10^-6

how to convert from dm³ to m³

x10^-3

how to convert from centigrade to kelvin

+273

how to convert from kpa to pa

x1000

how to calculate percentage yield

actual yield/ theoretical yield x100

what is a limiting reagant

A limiting reagent is the substance that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

how to work out atom economy

sum of molar mass of desired products / sum of molar masses of all products x100

what does the atom economy of a reaction show

how many of the atoms used in the reaction become the desired product

when will the atom economy be 100%

in addition reactions, and when theres only one product

what is the estimated percentage yield for one run of the haber process

15%wh

what does a higher atom economy mean in terms of the environment

less waste produced so the reactions are more sustainable and use less finite resources

how to find number of particles

number of moles x avogadros number

how to convert mg to g

divide by 1000

how to calculate water of crystalisation

find masses of the anhydrous solution and the h20, divide the mass by the mr and then divide both by the smallest one to find the ratio