HESI A2 Nursehub A+P Quiz Review

Correct blood pathway

Starts and ends at the right atrium

Popliteal

Behind the knee

Low thrombocytes

Extensive bleeding

Leukocytes

WBC, found in lysosomes

Erythropoiesis

RBC formation in red bone marrow

Alimentary canal

Starts in oral cavity and ends in anus

Tissues

Group of similar cells and their intercellular matrix that carry out a specific function

Urethra in males

A reproductive orgaan that is also used in the urinary system

Joints

Ball and socket (shoulder)

Hinge (elbows)

Pivot (neck)

Congyloid (fingers/wrist)

Intramembranous ossification

Flat bones of the skull, mandible, and clavicles

Sprain

Torn ligament

Strain

Torn muscle/tendon

Heart

Atrium over ventricle (A before V), and left and right are switched

Mitral valve

Left atrium → left ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Right atrium → right ventricle

Pulmonary artery

Right ventricle → Pulmonary

Aortic artery

Left ventricle → aorta

Temporal lobe

Auditory (temporal = tempo = audio/sound)

Frontal lobe

Knowledge and voluntary movements

Parietal lobe

Temperature, taste, and movement

Occipital lobe

Vision (optics)

Pituitary gland

The “master gland” (not the hypothalamus)

Atrium and ventricle movement

R. atrium = oxygen-depleted blood to R. ventricle

R. ventricle = sends oxygen-depleted blood to lungs

L. atrium = sends oxygenated blood to L. ventricle

L. ventricle = sends oxygenated blood to body (thickest walls)

Skeletal system stores

Calcium and phosphorus

Mediastinum

Central space in the thoracic cavity in the chest that contains vital organs

Abdominal cavity

Small intestine and adrenal gland

Most abundant tissue

Connective tissue

Upper respiratory

Nose, nasal cavity, oral cavity, throat (pharynx), and voice box (larynx)

Bones of the ear

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Median cubital

Superficial arm vein

Cartoid

Neck vein

Cerumen (earwax)

Secreted by apocrine glands in external auditory canal

Anabolic and catabolic

Uses energy, or creates energy

Oxidative and reduction

Gains 1+ electrons, or loses 1+ electrons

Cellular respiration

Oxidative catabolic

T-cells

T-lymphocytes, produced in thymus

Pulmonary veins

Lungs to L. atrium

Inferior vena cava

Blood from lower/middle body to R. atrium

Superior vena cava

Blood from upper body to R. atrium

Veins

Blood to heart

Arteries

Blood away from heart

Vomer

Septum bone that can become deviated

Retina

Contains cones that help you see color

Iris

Colored part of your eye that can change the pupil size

Pupil

Allows light to enter

Interneurons

Convey impulses from sensory to motor neurons

Sensory neurons

To the CNS form sensory receptors (ex: eyes and skin)

Motor neurons

From the CNS to muscles and glands for action

Airway path

Nasal → oral → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → lung

Sodium

Element that is mostly absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules

Growth hormone

Hormone in the pituitary gland

Cortisol

Hormone that reduces inflammation, raises blood sugar, and inhibits histamine release

Skeletal muscles

These muscles must work in pairs

Prime mover

The skeletal muscle that executes a given movement

Circulatory

The endocrine system (and others) use this system to transport hormones and other things

FSH

Stimulates sperm production in males

Mastication

Chewing food to break it down

Bolus

Soft, moist food ready for swallowing

Chyme

Food mixed with gastric juices

Peristalsis

Muscle contractions that propel bolus through alimentary canal

Loop of Helene

Reabsorption of water and salts to concentrate urine

Erythrocytes

Carry oxygen from lungs to tissues

Dermis

Contains sweat glands, regulates body temp

SA Node

Heart’s pacemaker that generates electrical impulses that initiate each heartbeat

AV Node

Receives impulses from SA node and delays it to ensure coordinated contraction

Purkinje fibers

Rapidly transmit electrical impulse throughout ventricles

Bundles of His

Carries electrical signal from AV node to ventricles, but doesn’t initiate heartbeat

Testosterone

Hormone that creates male secondary characteristics

LH

Produces testosterone in males

Anterior Pituitary

Growth hormone (GH), thyroid-simulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Posterior pituitary

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Bones

Primary structure that support organs