types of synovial joints and movements

plane

articular surface, sliding movement

hinge

projection of one bone fits into a depression of another. allow flexion and extension

pivot

rounded end one my bone fit into a ring of another bone. allow for rotational movement

condyloid

oval convex surface of one bone fits into the oval concave surface of another

saddle

structure like condyloid joints but allow more movement

ball and socket

round head of one bone fits with the cup-like socket of another

flexion

to bend, decrease a joint angle

extension

to straighten, increase joint angle

hyperextension

movement beyond the normal straight position of a joint

lateral flexion

side-bending

abduction

movement away from the midline

adduction

movement towards the midline

circumduction

rounded movement, in a circle. hip and shoulder only

rotation

movement around the axis. does not have to be in a circle

pronation

palms turned downwards

supination

palms turned upwards

dorsiflexion

lifting toes upward

planter flexion

pointing toes downward

inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward

eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

opposition

movement of the thumb toward the fingers