Consonant Development and Child Speech Discorders

What does McLeod and Crow say about consonant acquisition?

By certain ages, children should produce certain consonants, though it varies by child

What does atypical language mean?

Difficulty finding words/meanings

What does typical speech mean

Difficulty articulating

What are the 4 types of speech errors

substitutions, omissions, distortions, additions

What is an example of substitution?

“I tee the wabbit” → “I see the rabbit.”

What is an example of omission

“Nana” for “banana.”

What is an example of distortion?

Lisp

What is an example of addition?

“Galass” for “glass”

What does this mean as a speech error: substitutions

Replacing certain sounds

What does this mean as a speech error: Omissions

A certain sound being left out

What does this mean as a speech error: distortions

When a certain sound is produced incorrectly

What does this mean as a speech error: additions

Adding certain sounds

What is a final consonant deletions?

Leaving off the last consonant (ex: “duck” to “du”)

What is a unstressed syllable deletion?

Dropping unstressed syllables (ex: “banana” to “nana”)

What is a cluster reduction?

Simplifying consonant clusters (ex: “snake” to “nake”)

What is stopping in phonological processes?

Replacing fricative with stops (ex: “feather” to “peder”)

What is fronting in phonological processes?

Replacing velar sounds with alveolar/front sounds (ex: “glove” to “dove”)

What is a gliding error in phonological processes

Replacing sounds with glides (ex: “rocks” to “wock”)

What is assimilation error in phonological processes?

Making one sound similar to another (ex: “doggie” to “doddie”)

“Red” → “wed” What type of error is this?

Substitution + gliding

“Potato” → “tato” What type of error is this?

Omission + unstressed syllable deletion

“Bat” → “ba” What type of error is this?

Omission + final consonant deletion

“See” → “tee” What type of error is this?

Substitution + stopping

“Glass” → “gass” What type of error is this?

Omission + cluster reduction

“Cut” → “tut” What type of error is this?

Substitution + assimilation/fronting

What is a typical development?

Temporary speech errors that children outgrow as they master sounds

What is a phonological disorder?

Persistent difficulty learning the sound system