Percent Composition, Empirical Formulas and Molecular Formulas

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9 Terms

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Percent Composition
The percentage by mass of each element in a compound.
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Empirical Formula
A formula that shows the simplest ratio of elements in a compound.
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Molecular Formula
A formula that shows the actual number of each type of atom in a molecule.
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Formula for Percent Composition
Percent Composition = (Part/Whole) x 100%.
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Molar Mass
The mass of one mole of a substance, typically measured in grams per mole.
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Calculation of Percent Composition of Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4)
% K = (39.1 g K / 158 g KMnO4) x 100% = 24.7%; % Mn = (54.9 g Mn / 158 g KMnO4) x 100% = 34.8%; % O = (64.0 g O / 158 g KMnO4) x 100% = 40.5%.
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Molar Mass of Sodium Carbonate
Total molar mass = 2(23.00 g) + 1(12.01 g) + 3(16.00 g) = 106 g.
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Percent Composition of Sodium Carbonate
% Na = (46.0 g / 106 g) x 100% = 43.4%; % C = (12.0 g / 106 g) x 100% = 11.3%; % O = (48.0 g / 106 g) x 100% = 45.3%.
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Percent Composition of Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
% C = 52.13%; % H = 13.15%; % O = 34.72%.