N5 topic 1 revision

A substance that will diffuse into a cell?

Oxygen

A substance that will diffuse out of a cell?

Carbon Dioxide

Base pair for Adenine?

Thymine

Base pair for Cytosine?

Guanine

Base pair for Tymine?

Adenine

Base pair for Guanine?

Cytosine

DNA carries a code for making proteins. What is this code made of?

Order of DNA bases

Describe the role of mRNA

Carries a complimentary copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to ribosome where proteins are synthesised.

Proteins can have different shapes and functions. Give an example of a protein function in cells.

Enzymes - help to break down food

Name functions of enzymes used in genetic engineering.

Enzymes

Hormones

Structural

Antiebodies

Why are bacteria often used in genetic engineering?

Contains plasmid

Reproduce quickly

How many times greater?

= divide

Percentage decrease?

= (decrease/start) x 100

Percentage increase?

= (increase/start) x 100

Whole number ratio?

= simplify

Moving into the cell?

Diffusion

Moving out of the cell?

Active transport

Water moving across a selectively permeable membrane?

Osmosis

The type of molecule found in a cell membrane, involved in moving ions by active transport?

Proteins

Independent variable?

The variable you change.

Dependent variable?

What you measure in the experiment. (Changes because of what you are doing)

Controlled variable?

What you keep the same

To calculate missing value

Add all numbers and times by the number of numbers added

A section of DNA which codes for a protein?

Amino acids

Genetic engineering?

Scientists transferring genes from one living thing to another.

What has genetic engineering been used to produce?

Golden rice

Longer shelf life tomatoes

Human growth hormone

Selectively permeable?

Only allows some molecules to pass through and not others. E.g glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water.