Quiz 11 med term- chapter 15 part 2

kyph/o

humpback, hunchback ( posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

lord/o

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

oste/o

bone

scoli/o

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

spondyl/o

vertebra (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

-listhesis

slipping

-malacia

softening

-porosis

pore, passage

exostosis

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of the bone

osteochondroma

(composed of cartilage and bone) are benign extoses usually found on the metaphyses of long bones near the epiphyseal plate

fracture

traumatic breaking of a bone

simple (closed) fracture

the bone is broken but there is not open would in the skin

compound (open) fracture

the bone is broken and a fragment of the bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin

crepitus

crackling sound produces when ends of the bones rub each other or rub against roughened cartilage

closed reduction

manipulatuve reduction without a surgical incision

open reduction

an incision is made for access to the fracture site

osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)

Malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

osteomalacia

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

osteoporosis

decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

talipes

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)

articular cartilage

smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints

bursa (bursae)

sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one issue against another

ligament

fibrous connective band binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint

meniscus

crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure, which helps provide cushion for a joint

synovial joint

freey movable joint

tendon

fibrous connective tissue binding muscles to bones

ankyl/o

stiff

chondr/o

cartilage

-desis

to bind, tie together

-stenosis

narrowing

ankylosis spondylitis

chronic, progressve arthritis with stiffning of joints, primarily of the spine

gouty arthritis (gout)

inflammaiton and painful swelling in and around joints caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals

osteoarthritis (OA)

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

autoimmue reaction agianst joint tissue, particulary the synovial membrane

bunion

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist

ganglion cyst

fuild-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons

herniation of an intervertebral disc (slipped disc)

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

sprain

injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretching of the ligaments around a joint

strain

an injury involving the overstretching of muscle

flexion

decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb

extension

increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb

abduction

movement away from the midline of the body

adduction

movement toward the midline of the body

rotation

circular movement around an axis

dorsiflexion

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint to that the foot moves upward

plantar flexion

motion that moves the foot downard toward the ground

supination

act of turning the palm up

pronation

act of turning the palm down

arthrography

taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint

total hip replacement (THR)

replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with protheses that are fastened into the bone

total knee replacement (TKR)

metal prothesis covers the end of the femur, and component made of metal and plastic covers the top end of the tibia

bone density test (bone densitometry)

low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wriast is used to measure bone mass

DEXA or DXA

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry- a test of bone mineral density

DJD

degenerative joint disease (another term for osteoarthritis)

Fx

fracture

HNP

herniated nucleus pulposus

IM

intramuscular

ORIF

open reduction (of fracture)/ internal fixation

ROM

range of motion

kyphosis

increased posterior curvature of the thoracic spine

lordosis

increased anterior curvature of lumbar spine

eversion

ankle rolls toward midline of body sole of foot faces laterally

inversion

ankle rolls laterally and the sole of the foot face medially

What is this spinal curvature?

Normal

What is this spinal curvature?

Lordosis

What is this spinal curvature?

Kyphosis

What type of fracture is this?

Simple/closed fracture

What type of fracture is this?

Compound/open fracture

What type of fracture is this?

Colles fracture

What type of fracture is this?

Compression fracture

What type of fracture is this?

Comminuted fracture

What type of fracture is this?

Green stick fracture