Physio Lab- Blood Analysis

Hematocrit

% of RBC in a sample of whole blood
Tested by separating laying in centrifuge

3 layers of whole blood

Beige layer (plasma- 55%)
Buffy Coat (WBC-1%)
Red layer (RBC-45%)

Normal Hematocrit (Hct) levels

Males: 42- 52%
Females: 37- 47%

Low Hct

Indicates anemia or blood loss

High Hct

Indicates polycythemia

Normal Hemoglobin (Hb) levels

Males: 13.5 -18 g/dL
Female: 12 -16 g/dL

Hemoglobin lab requirements for surgery

Minimum of 10 g/dL Hb

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Measures the settling of RBCs in a vertical stationary tube of whole blood for 1 hr
Tests for signs of infection or inflammation

Rouleaux formation

The stacking of RBCs due to fibrinogen & immunoglobulins

Normal ESR levels

Males: 0- 22 mm/hr
Female: 0-28 mm/hr

High ESR

Indicates infection or Inflammation

ESR of 0

Indicates Sickle-cell anemia

Endogen

An antigen produced naturally by the body
Used as tissue markers

Exogen

An antigen foreign to the body

Agglutinogens

Antigens
Found on surface of RBC
Determines blood type

Agglutinins

Antibodies
Found in Plasma
Determines blood compatibility

Rh + blood

Can receive blood from (+) and (-) donors

Rh factor is present

Rh - blood

Can receive blood from (-) donors

Rh factor is absent

Lipid Profile lab

Includes total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides

Total Cholesterol normal levels

Less than 200 mg/dL

Hypocholesterolemia

Level of total cholesterol that is linked to mental/mood disorders

LDL

"Bad cholesterol" brought out from Liver & clogs arteries

LDL normal level

Optimal= less than 100 mg/dL
At risk= above 140 mg/dL

HDL

"good cholesterol" obtained through diet of polyunsaturated fats or alcohol

HDL normal level

Optimal= less than 60 mg/dL
At risk= above 40 (men) or 50 (women)