Unit 3-6: Imperial Wars, Colonial Protests, and the Constitution (Flashcards)

40 flashcards covering key events, acts, and concepts from the lecture notes (Pages 13-21).

What plan did Benjamin Franklin propose to unite the colonies under one system for taxation, troops, and war efforts?

Albany Plan of Union.

Which policy end marked the end of salutary neglect as Britain asserted more power after the Seven Years' War?

End of Salutary Neglect (Navigation Acts enforcement).

Who led the 1763 uprising against colonial expansion and British policies in the Ohio Valley?

Pontiac's Rebellion.

What 1763 document prohibited westward expansion past the Appalachian Mountains?

Proclamation of 1763.

Which act taxed sugar and tightened enforcement against smuggling in 1764?

Sugar Act (Revenue Act) of 1764.

Which act required colonists to house and feed British troops?

Quartering Act of 1765.

What direct tax on printed materials was imposed in 1765, angering colonists?

Stamp Act of 1765.

What assembly met in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act and argued for taxation with representation?

Stamp Act Congress (1765).

Which acts began in 1767 and taxed a variety of imported goods?

Townshend Acts (1767).

Which letter urged colonial legislatures to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts?

Circular Letter.

What 1770 event escalated tensions by showing British troops firing on colonists?

Boston Massacre.

What 1773 protest involved colonists dumping tea into Boston Harbor?

Boston Tea Party.

What collection of acts in 1774 closed Boston Port and centralized royal power in response to the Tea Party?

Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts).

Which petition sought reconciliation with Britain before the war began?

Olive Branch Petition.

Which pamphlet by Thomas Paine argued for independence in simple, persuasive language?

Common Sense.

What were the first battles of the Revolutionary War, fought in 1775?

Lexington and Concord.

Which early battle demonstrated colonial resolve at Bunker Hill?

Battle of Bunker Hill.

What document declared the American colonies' independence from Britain in 1776?

Declaration of Independence.

Which governing body managed the war effort and move toward independence after 1775?

Second Continental Congress.

What was the first American constitution, establishing a weak central government?

Articles of Confederation.

What treaty ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized American independence?

Treaty of Paris (1783).

Which ordinance established governance for the Northwest Territory and prohibited slavery there?

Northwest Ordinance (1787).

What act established a standardized process for surveying and selling western lands (1785)?

Land Ordinance of 1785.

Which late-1780s uprising highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Shays' Rebellion.

Which meeting in 1786–1787 addressed issues of interstate commerce and led to calls for a constitutional convention?

Annapolis Convention.

Where and when was the United States Constitution drafted?

Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, 1787.

What plan created a bicameral Congress with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate?

Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan).

How were slaves counted for representation and taxation under the Constitution?

Three-Fifths Compromise.

Which compromise allowed Congress to regulate interstate commerce while banning tariffs on exports?

Commerce Compromise.

What were the two main political groups during the ratification debates over the Constitution?

Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

What protections do the first ten amendments provide?

Bill of Rights.

Which president established the Cabinet and the two-term precedent?

George Washington.

Which 1794 uprising did Washington quell to demonstrate federal strength?

Whiskey Rebellion.

Name the three core components of Hamilton's Financial Program.

Pay off national debt, create a national bank, and use tariffs to protect industry.

What treaty (1794) resolved some British violations by agreeing to remove posts on the western frontier, though it did not address impressment?

Jay Treaty.

What treaty (1795) with Spain secured navigation rights on the Mississippi and defined the Florida border?

Pinckney Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo).

What diplomatic incident in 1797–1798 involved French demands for bribes to negotiate?

XYZ Affair.

What 1798 laws allowed for deportation of aliens and restricted criticism of the government?

Alien and Sedition Acts.

Which pair of resolutions argued that states could nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional?

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

Which election marked a peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans, called the ‘Revolution of 1800’?

Election of 1800.