Fundamentals number 3

carbs

energy

protein

wound healing

malnourished

albumin

low protein(albumin)

meds dont work which leds to drug toxicity

soluble

stool bulking

soluble fiber in a dehydrated person

constipation

hypergylcemia

increase glucose

hypoglycemia

decrease glucose

Normal Glucose levels

60 - 110

Fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

too much vitamin k

interfers with clotting

blood thinner

no vitamin k (leafy foods)

water soluble vitamins means

urinate out (good kidney function)

eliminating sodium

hyponatremia

why bmi is bad

muscle weighs more than fat

muscular pts have

high bmi

hematocrit

red blood cells

hemoglobin

oxygen carrying capacity

decreased metabolism and thirst

older adult nutrition

iron in women

menstrual cycle

older women and calcium

osteoporosis due to menopause

calcium for

bone density and absorption

too much calcium

kidney stone

heart needs

calcium and potassium

dysphagia affects

intake of nutrients

who requires more calories

men

underweight bmi

less than 20

weight gain/loss concern

5 percent in a month or 10 percent in 6 months

Signs of poor nutrition

thin breaking hair(protein), bruising/bleeding (vitamin k), pressuresores/woundhEALING

surverying methods

24 hour recall and food diary plus calorie count

Dysfunction Identification Nutrition

bmi higher than 25 or lower than 20

weak cough at risk for

aspiration

If pts fails any areas of nutrition assessment then

withhold food until an evaluation is done

imbalanced nutrition

more or less than body requirements

full diet

clear diet including dairy products

coffee is irritating to the

GI tract so no usually given

NPO before and after surgery until

bowel sounds present

Stomach ph

anything less 5 (anything higher could mean lungs)

Peg tube flushed

before and after use

Long term feeding

peg tube

short term feeding

nasal gastric

absorption in

du0 and jeju

colon main function

water absorption and feces formation

how often bowel movement

1 to 3 days

black stool

blood upper gi tract

black tarry stool

iron

reddish briwn stool

lower gi bleed

streaky blood stool

hemmorroids

light pale clay stool

lack of bile

yellow stool

excess fat

greenish stool

diarrhea/Excess bile

mucousy stool

infection

hard stool

constipation

not passing stool

fecal impaction

advil, aspirn and motril

GI bleeds

position for enema

Sims (left side-lying)

5 F's

farting, fecal impaction, fluid, fetus and fat

opiate therapy

constipation

soft / low fiber/ low residue diet can lead to

constipation

iron could lead to

constipation

impaction occurs

where the bowel ends

bowel sounds should be

5 to 15 seconds

hypoactive bowel sounds

take More than 5 to 15 seconds to hear

hyperactive bowel sounds

Less than 5 seconds

absent bowel sounds

No sounds

no bowel sounds means

no eating

dull sounds are

abnormal

order for abdominal assessment

Inspect, Auscultate, Percuss, Palpate

occult blood

hidden blood

gross blood

a lot of blood

fecal occult blood test is not

sterile

what do you to screen for colon cancer and a risk of GI bleed

fecal occult blood test

where can you take from in fecal occult blood test

3 different areas

fecal occult blood test blue means

blood in stool

urine formation occurs in

the kidneys

decreased creatinine is

abnormal

urine normal color

light yellow to amber

dark urine means

kidney impairment or dehydrated

how many times should you void in a day

6-8

urines should be

clear/translucent

morning and sitting urine tend to be

darker

what color is dehydrated urine

yellow/bright

urine retention can hold up to

2 liters

Micturition reflex

reflex motor

what allows the bladder to empty

sympathetic

women have a shorter

urethra

e coli

UTI

caffeine is a natural

Diuretic

normal amount of void in a day

1200 to 1500

Output of urine less than 30

renal failure/ECF deficit

dysuria

painful urination (UTI)

polyuria

urinating often (diabetes?)

Anuria

absence of urine

oliguria

Decreased urine output

anuria comes from

kidney failure

isotonic fluids for

oliguria

urinary retention

enlarged prostate

nocturia

urinating through the night

hematuria

blood in the urine

pyruia

puss in urine