osce module 1

depth of the ocean

3700 m

types of oceanography

1. geological

2. physical

3. chemical

4. biological

geological oceanography

history and dynamic features of the seafloor (major processes)

physical oceanography

physical properties and motion of seawater

chemical oceanography

chemical constituents of seawater and ocean sediments (ex. nutrient cycels, carbonate system)

biological oceanography

how composition and abundance of marine life varies in space and time in response to changes in the ocean(ex. primary and secondary production, food webs, etc)

stick charts

significant contribution to history of cartography, represent map of ocean swell, waves, and currents (memorized)

mattang

personal charts that show swell lines only

meddo charts

identify specific islands

rebbilib charts

archipelago

rilib charts

strongest “backbone” swell generated by northeast trade winds

kaelib charts

weaker year-round swell

timeline of ocean maps

1. 430 BCE: perception of herodotus (greek historian)

2. 150 CE: perception of claudius ptolemy (greco-egyptian scientist/poet)

3. 1490: perception of crhistopher colombus

4. 1492: perception of bartholomew columbus

5. 1630: perception of hendrik hondius

major expeditions/discoveries

1. hms beagle: launched in 1820 from river thames, england

2. 2nd voyage of the beagle (1831-1836) darwin is onboard

3. hms challenger; laid foundations for oceanography (1872-76)

4. voyage 1972-76

discovery of hydrothermal vents

galapagos expedition, scientists developed film and saw clams at the same time as a weird temp on teh seafloor

major events leading to discovery of hydrothermal vents

1. deep-tow instrument

2. expedition FAMOUS visited azores

3. expedition pleiades

4. galapagos hydrothermal expedition, ANGUS took photos