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What is the latest news on Ancestral First Animals?
Recent genomic and chromosomal linkage analyses support sponges (Porifera), not comb jellies (Ctenophora), as the earliest-branching animals, suggesting that nervous systems and muscles evolved after sponges rather than being lost secondarily.
How do ants (and hymenopterans) determine sex of their offspring?
Through haplodiploidy: unfertilized eggs develop into haploid males and fertilized eggs develop into diploid females; recent studies show rare exceptions such as androgenesis and cross-species cloning in some ants.
What became of tube feet in the brittle stars?
Tube feet were secondarily lost in brittle stars; they are an echinoderm synapomorphy that was present in the ancestor but later reduced or eliminated.
Give one example of insects using electro-detection.
Bumblebees can detect floral electric fields, which change after other pollinators visit and help bees identify rewarding flowers.