AP BIO - Unit 1 (Macromolecules)

These flashcards cover key concepts about macromolecules, their basic structures, and properties discussed in the lecture.

What are carbohydrates composed of in terms of elemental ratio?

Carbohydrates are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1.

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

The monomer of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide.

What is a disaccharide?

A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides.

What type of bond is formed between monosaccharides in carbohydrates?

A glycosidic linkage is formed between monosaccharides.

What are the two major storage forms of carbohydrates in plants and animals?

In plants, it is starch; in animals, it is glycogen.

What is the monomer unit of proteins?

The monomer unit of proteins is an amino acid.

What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein?

A peptide bond connects amino acids in a protein.

What are the levels of protein structure?

The levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

What is a nucleotide?

A nucleotide is the monomer of nucleic acids.

What type of bond is formed between nucleotides in nucleic acids?

Phosphodiester linkage is formed between nucleotides.

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids?

Purines are double-ringed (A and G), while pyrimidines are single-ringed (C, U, and T).

What defines a saturated fatty acid?

A saturated fatty acid contains all single bonds and is fully saturated with hydrogen.

What defines an unsaturated fatty acid?

An unsaturated fatty acid has at least one double bond between carbons.

What is the basic structure of a phospholipid?

A phospholipid consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

What is the monomer of a Lipid?

No monomer! It has no repeating structure.