Montgomery Bus Boycott and Martin Luther King Jr.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

381-day protest against bus segregation starting December 1955.

Rosa Parks

Refused to give up her bus seat, igniting boycott.

Browder v. Gayle

1956 case ruling bus segregation unconstitutional.

14th Amendment

Guarantees equal protection and due process under law.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Civil rights organization founded by Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Leader advocating non-violent civil rights strategies.

Non-violence

Philosophy promoting peaceful resistance to oppression.

Collective Action

Organized efforts by individuals for social change.

Jim Crow Laws

State laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

Affluent Black Family

King's background, indicating economic stability and education.

Morehouse College

King's alma mater, known for producing Black leaders.

Doctorate in Theology

King's advanced degree from Boston University.

Christianity and Gandhi

Influences on King's philosophy of love and justice.

Direct Action

Non-violent protests aimed at confronting injustice.

Moral and Spiritual Force

King's belief in using ethics for social change.

Southern Black Churches

Community hubs supporting civil rights activism.

Economic Independence

Key factor for church leadership in the movement.

Massive Nonviolent Protest

Strategy emphasizing large-scale peaceful demonstrations.

Oratory and Hymns

Cultural tools used for mobilizing and inspiring activists.

Redemptive Black Suffering

Concept of suffering as a path to justice.

Blame on System

King's tactic to shift focus from individuals to segregation.

National Ministerial Network

Communication system among Black church leaders.

Faith and Courage

Essential qualities fostered in church gatherings.

Legal Equality

Goal of King's civil rights movement efforts.