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Tissue
a group of similar cells that are modified to carry out the same function within a multicellular organism
Plant Tissue
dermal, vascular, ground, meristematic
Dermal Tissue
tightly packed epidermis cells that are covered with a wax
Function of Dermal Tissue
protect the plant, cuticle prevents water loss
Location of Dermal Tissue
covering leaves, stems, roots
Herbaceous
non-woody plants
Dermal Tissue in Herbaceous Plants
epidermis
Dermal Tissue in Woody Plants
periderm
Dermal Tissue Adaptation
thickened cell wall
Vascular Tissue
xylem, phloem
Xylem
transports water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant, provides support in woody plants
Phloem
transports food made in the leaves
Animal Tissue
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Connective Tissue
blood, cartilage
Function of Connective Tissue
attaches things together, gives support and makes blood
Connective Tissue Adaptation
cells are spread over a matrix, red blood cells have biconcave shape to facilitate oxygen transport
Muscle Tissue
cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle
Function of Muscle Tissue
produce movement, stabilise joints
Muscle Tissue Adaptation
have many mitochondria, can contract and relax
Nervous Tissue
main component of the nervous system, is composed of neurons
Function of Nervous Tissue
carry messages to and from the brain via the spinal cord in the form of electrical impulses
Nervous Tissue Adaptation
has myelin sheath to insulate impulses
Tissue Culture
the growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium outside of an organism
Sterile
no microorganisms
Aseptic
no unwanted microorganisms
Conditions for Tissue Cultures
temperature and gas concentrations, pH and glucose concentrations, vitamins, minerals, salts, amino acids, and hormones
Applications of Tissue Cultures
skin graft, micropropagation
Skin Graft
stem cells grown at the bottom of a flask, thin sheet of cells transplanted to facilitate repair of skin
Advantages of Skin Grafts
little chance of rejection since cells are genetically identical to recipient
Stem Cells
cells that can develop into any body tissue, found in embryos, umbilical cords, and bone marrow
Pluripotent Cells
stem cells found in embryo
Micropropagation
part of plant is cut into many small pieces and are cultured over time to form a callus
Advantages of Micropropagation
large number of plants in a short space of time, new plants are treated during culture so they are virus free, all plants are genetically identical, inexpensive way to produce similar plants
Organs
a structure composed of a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions
Plant Organs
roots, stem, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruit
Leaf
has dermal, vascular, and ground tissue, responsible for photosynthesis
Animal Organs
heart, skin, liver, stomach
Heart
has muscular, epithelial, connective, and nervous tissue, pumps blood around the body
Organ System
a number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions
