Fungi and ubiquity lab

Fungi and Animalia

members of the eukaryotic kingdom, closely related

Fungi are absorptive heterotrophic meaning

They secrete exoenzymes out in the environment and then absorb them

exoenzyme meaning

An enzyme that acts outside the cell that created it

Fungi cell walls are composed of what?

chitin

Plant cell walls are composed of what?

cellulose

Most fungi are saprophytes meaning

they decompose dead organic matter

Are some fungi considered parasites of plants , animals or humans?

yes

Fungi are divided into unicellular what?

1 unicellular yeasts

2. filamentous mold

Dimorphic fungi

Have both mold and yeast life cycle stages

Macrofungi (big momma)

Filamentous fungi that produce fleshy reproductive structures mushrooms, puffballs & shelf fungi (kind that grow out of trees)

Hyphae

individual fungal fragments

Many hypahae are known as what?

Mycellium

Dematiaceous fungi ( think demarcation line)

hyphae with dark heavy pigment

Hyaline/moniliaceous fungi (opposite of dematiaceous fungi)

unpigmented fungi / albino fungi think Hi, Al

septate

hyphae whose walls are separate adjacent cells

nonseptate

hyphae who has smooth walls

Gametangia produce what?

Gametes

Spores are produced by a variety of

sporangia

Asexual reproduction occurs when

The spore divides

Sexual reproduction occurs

Gametes (haploid) need to combine via fertilization and produce a zygote with a single diploid nucleus

Plasmogamy

cytoplasm or plasma fuse

Karyogamy

joining of 2 nuclei

Types of Asexual reproduction

• Conidia (forms at the end of hyphae think dandelion)

• Blastopspores (blastoconidia) by budding

• Arthrospores break off hyphae

• Chlamydospores (chlmydocondia) at the end & at resting stage

Division Zygomycota

• forms zygospores after meiosis (sexual reproduction)

• Produces Sporangiospores

Division Ascomycota

• Produces ascus (sac) in which zygote undergoes meiosis to produce haploid ascopspores

• Ascomycete hyphae are septate and includes yeast

Division Basidiomycota

• Septate hypahae produce basidium

• This undergoes meiosis (sexual reproduction) and produces 4 Basidiospores attached to the surface

Division Zygomycota

• Rhizopus species associated w/ living and decaying plant material

• Fast growing produce white/cottony growth

• with age mycelium becomes darker as sporangia are made

• rhizoids (anchors) produced where surface hypahe joins base for long unbranched sporangiophores

Rhizopus

• Columella- supports sporangium

• After release sporangiospores develop into hyphae identical to those that produced them

• If + and - mating strands make contact then sexual reproduction occurs

• Progametangia extend from each hyphae and nuclei and cytoplasm flows into them

• Walls dissolve and a thick walled zygosporangium is made