U.S. History Spring Semester Final Study Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for U.S. History Spring Semester Final Study Guide

Stock

Capital raised by a business or corporation through the issue and subscription of shares

Bull Market

A market in which share prices are rising, encouraging buying

Bear Market

A market in which prices are falling, encouraging selling

Recession

A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced

Depression

A long and severe recession in an economy or market

Theater

Large area in which land, air, and sea forces engage in military operations

Front

The contested area between opposing forces

Volstead Act

U.S law enacted in 1919 intending to provide enforcement for the execution of the 18th Amendment, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages

Bootlegging

The illegal manufacturing, distribution, and/or sale of goods, especially alcohol or recordings (alc in this case)

Ku Klux Klan

American Protestant-led Christian extremist, white supremacist, far-right hate group. It was founded in 1865 during Reconstruction in the devastated South; terrorist group

The Great Migration

The movement of hundreds of thousands of African Americans from rural areas in the South to urban areas in both the North and South

Harlem Renaissance

New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem

Dawes Plan & Young Plan

Provided a loan to Germany after the Treaty of Versailles whooped their asses and made them bankrupt whooped their asses and made them bankrupt

Dust Bowl

An environmental disaster brought on by bad/over-farming

Margin Buying

Loan you up to 90% of the stock value

Hoovervilles

Settlements of shacks inhabited by transients and the unemployed

Fireside Chats

Series of radio 'talks' where FDR spoke plainly with America about issues and concerns

The New Deal

FDR'S plan to help the nation get through the Great Depression by enacting many government programs designed to provide relief, recovery and reform

Social Security Act

Joint federal-state compensation for the unemployed

Civilian Conservation Corp

Government work program for unemployed provided job opportunities: Manual labor to improve infrastructure

Federal Emergency Relief Act

Grant-based agency to distribute federal aid to states for local relief

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Made to insure banks and 'maintain stability'

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Increased crop prices by reducing production and offered farmers subsidies to make up for limited crop production

United States Housing Authority (USHA)

Provided grants to build low-cost housing

Securities and Exchange Commission

Regulated stock market and ensures fair trades/ nancial transparency

Tennessee Valley Authority

Oversee construction of dams to control ooding

Stimson Doctrine

US would not recognize Japan’s territorial claims on China; Secretary of State attempted to take action against Japan

National Labor Relations Board

Made to set regulations and protect workers from business exploitation

Keynesian Economics

Acknowledge the imperfections of the economy and the negative growth that could come from equilibrium, where the government should intervene to help the economy, stimulate demand when the growth is lacking

NATO

Military alliance of 32 countries from North America and Europe, established in 1949 to provide collective security and maintain peace through political and military means

Warsaw Pact

A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and seven Eastern European communist states, serving as a counter to NATO and dissolving in 1991

Truman Doctrine

Promised U.S. support to countries resisting communism, especially in Greece and Turkey

Marshall Plan

Massive economic aid package to rebuild Western Europe

Yalta Conference

Allies met and divided Germany into occupation zones

Tet Offensive

Massive surprise attack by North Vietnam during the Vietnamese New Year (Tet)

Brinkmanship

American policy of not backing down until enemy backs down

Massive Retaliation

Eisenhower administration (1952-1960), US could just have more nuclear weapons than Soviets

Mutually Assured Destruction

If US attacked SU, they would retaliate, even if they were destroyed in process, and vice versa

A firmative Action

Government program that make a concentrated e ort to hire or enroll groups that have suffered from discrimination

De Jure Segregation

Is segregation based on law

De Facto Segregation

Is segregation based on tradition

Red-Lining

The practice of denying of limiting financial services (loans) to specific neighborhoods, generally because its residents are poor and often minorities

Loyalty Security Program

Act that permitted o cials to check federal government employees for subversive/“un-American” activities

Marshall Plan

Economic aid program: the U.S. gave over $13 billion to help rebuild Western Europe after WWII

Domino Theory

“The loss of any of the countries of Southeast Asia to Communist Aggression” would ultimately “endanger the stability and security” of Europe and Japan