Ret Bar & CT

1. better for patients who can’t get behind the phoropter or are difficult

2. brighter reflex

3. better ability to evaluate if the patient is accommodating

what are some advantages of ret bar ret?

no

do we fog on ret bar ret?

1. improper working distance

2. retting off axis

3. too much vertex distance

what are 3 common errors in ret bar ret?

detect strabismus

what is the primary purpose of unilateral cover test?

detect phoria

what might be a secondary purpose of unilateral cover test? (not all patients)

1. detect a phoria not seen with unilateral

2. fully breakdown a phoria to elicit the full magnitude

3. use prim to neutralize phorias & strabs

what are the purposes of the alternating cover test?

1. prism diopter amount

2. type of phoria in words

how is a lateral heterophoria documented in words?

1. prism diopter amount

2. type of phoria in shorthand

how is lateral heterophoria documented in shorthand?

XP

shorthand for exophoria

EP

shorthand for esophoria

1. prism diopter amount

2. eye in relation to hyperphoria

3. “hyperphoria”

how is vertical heterophoria documented in words?

4 L hyperphoria

On CT you observe the right eye moving up and the left eye moving down during alternating cover test. You neutralize the movement with 4 BU over the right eye.

how would you document this in words?

1. prism diopter amount

2. eye in relation to hyperphoria

3. hyperP or HP

how is vertical heterophoria documented in shorthand?

1. prism amount

2. frequency

3. eye involved

4. type of strab

what 4 things are necessary for a heterotropia documentation?

constant or intermittent

2 frequencies of a tropia:

right, left, alternating

eye involvement of a tropia:

esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia, hypotropia

types of strabismus:

hyper

if a vertical heterotropia is alternating, which eye should be documented?

hypo

if a vertical hypotropia is unilateral, which eye should be documented?

I

shorthand for intermittent (method 1)

C

shorthand for constant (method 1)

R

short hand for right (method 1)

L

shorthand for left (method 1)

ET

shorthand for esotropia (method 1)

XT

shorthand for exotropia (method 1)

HyperT or HT

shorthand for hypertropia (method 1)

HypoT

shorthand for hypotropia (method 1)

add brackets around the T

shorthand for intermittent heterotropia (method 2)

no brackets around the T

shorthand for constant heterotropia (method 2)

90

retting off axis horizontally will pull cyl w/ what axis?

180

retting off axis vertically will pull cyl in what axis?