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According to Armand Fiegenbaum, _____ is defined as the total composite of product and service characteristics of marketing, engineering, manufacturing, and maintenance through which the product or service in use will meet or exceed the expectations of the customer.
a.
productivity
b.
process capability
c.
zero defects
d.
quality
e.
supply base optimization
D
_____ represents the ability to meet or exceed current and future customer (i.e., buyer and eventually end customer) expectations or requirements within critical performance areas on a consistent basis.
a.
Kaizen
b.
Supplier quality
c.
Strategic sourcing
d.
Process capability
e.
Supply base rationalization
B
Which of the following is not one of the expectations that suppliers have in a typical supply chain relationship?
a.
Minimizing product design changes once production begins.
b.
Providing visibility to future purchase volume requirements.
c.
Sharing early access and visibility to new-product requirements.
d.
Valuing accurate and timely payment of invoices.
e.
Having the buyer co-locate its buying, engineering, and quality staffs into a supplier's facility.
E
The average North American manufacturing firm spends _____ percent of its cost of goods sold on purchased goods and services.
a. < 10
b. 25
c. 55
d. 75
e. > 90
C
The _____ the proportion of the final product that suppliers provide, the _____ the impact they will have on overall product cost and quality.
a.
smaller....greater
b.
larger....lesser
c.
smaller....more significant
d.
larger....greater
e.
There is no definitive relationship between proportion of final product provided by suppliers and impact on overall product cost and quality.
D
All of the following are factors that influence how much attention supply management should commit to managing supplier quality except _____.
a.
the physical distance between the supplier and buyer facilities
b.
the ability of a supplier to affect a buyer's total quality
c.
the internal resources available to support supplier quality management and improvement
d.
the ability of a buying firm to practice world-class quality
e.
a buyer's ability to collect and analyze quality-related data
A
Which of the following is not one of the eight key principles of total quality management?
a.
Define quality in terms of customers and their requirements.
b.
Inspect for quality at the end of the production line.
c.
Stress objective rather than subjective analysis.
d.
Strive for zero defects.
e.
Make quality everyone's responsibility.
B
Which of the following is not one of the eight key principles of total quality management?
a.
Pursue quality at the source.
b.
Emphasize prevention rather than detection of defects.
c.
Focus on process rather than output.
d.
Establish continuous improvement as a way of life.
e.
Stress subjective rather than objective analysis. (LO #2)
E
Which of the following is not one of the eight key principles of total quality management?
a.
Strive for zero defects.
b.
Define quality in terms of customers and their requirements.
c.
Focus on output rather than process.
d.
Make quality everyone's responsibility.
e.
Stress objective rather than subjective analysis.
C
Which of the following is one of the dimensions used in developing a clear understanding of the buyer's expectations and requirements?
a.
The ability of the buyer to succinctly identify, define, quantify, or specify its technical and sourcing requirements.
b.
The seller's ability to effectively communicate its requirements.
c.
How compatible the buyer's and supplier's respective corporate cultures are.
d.
The ability of the selling company to succinctly identify, clearly define, quantify, or specify its technical and sourcing requirements.
e.
None of the above.
A
Which of the following is not one of the unique features of Deming's philosophy?
a.
Variation is the primary source of quality nonconformance.
b.
Although quality is everyone's responsibility, senior management has the ultimate responsibility for quality improvement.
c.
Intrinsic motivation is more powerful than extrinsic motivation.
d.
Interacting parts of a system must be treated individually, not as a whole.
e.
Predictions must be grounded in theory that helps to understand cause-and-effect relationships.
D
Which of the following is not one of Deming's 14 points?
a.
Create a vision and demonstrate commitment.
b.
Utilize fear to motive workers.
c.
Improve constantly and forever.
d.
Optimize the efforts of teams.
e.
Remove barriers to pride in workmanship.
B
Which of the following is not one of Deming's 14 points?
a.
Encourage education and self-improvement.
b.
Take action.
c.
Institute leadership.
d.
Optimize the efforts of teams.
e.
Utilize numerical quotas and measurement by objective to motivate management.
E
Which of the following is not one of Deming's 14 points?
a.
Institute training.
b.
Drive out fear.
c.
Optimize the efforts of individuals working alone. (LO #4)
d.
Stop making decisions purely on the basis of price.
e.
Improve constantly and forever.
C
_____ means continuous improvement and must be built into every single process in the organization.
a.
Banzai
b.
Optimization
c.
Gung ho
d.
Kaizen
e.
Bonsai
D
The concept of _____ consists of rework and disposal efforts that increase cost and decrease productivity.
a.
the hidden factory
b.
Six Sigma
c.
continuous improvement
d.
zero defects
e.
kaizen
A
Which of the following is false concerning Deming's philosophy on fear in the workplace?
a.
Employees may be fearful of making a mistake and being reprimanded for it.
b.
Fear-free organizations are very common as only takes a short time to develop and maintain an organizational culture that promotes risk taking and change.
c.
Most people have a fear of failure, so they don't want to try anything new or different.
d.
People are creatures of habit and do not like to make changes in their routines.
e.
Middle managers may be fearful of letting go of their traditional power based on command and control.
B
Which of the following is false concerning Deming's philosophy on numerical quotas and measurement by objective?
a.
Workers may game the system to make their individual production and output goals.
b.
Many numerical based goals and objectives are often developed arbitrarily.
c.
Goals are often short term in their focus.
d.
Output standards fully support TQM improvements and other quality initiatives.
e.
Many numerically-based goals and objectives are beyond the control of the worker.
D
_____ occurs whenever value is added to a product or service as it moves through transformation processes in the supply chain.
a.
Six Sigma
b.
Process capability
c.
Kaizen
d.
Supply base rationalization
e.
Quality at the source
E
All of the following are positive results from early supplier design involvement except _____.
a.
longer lead-times in order to find and fix product defects before they get to the customer
b.
better quality and product design
c.
establishing reasonable tolerances
d.
suppliers can anticipate and begin preproduction work
e.
improved product quality and manufacturability
A
_____ is the avoidance of nonconformance in products and services by not allowing errors or defects to occur in the first place.
a.
Detection
b.
Inspection
c.
Prevention
d.
The hidden factory
e.
Optimization
C
A _____ program is the formal process of verifying, usually through an intensive cross-functional on-site audit, that a supplier's processes and methods actually produce consistent and conforming quality.
a.
supplier selection and evaluation program
b.
supplier certification
c.
Six Sigma
d.
process capability
e.
zero defects
B
. _____ is the ability of a process to generate outputs that meet engineering specifications and/or customer requirements and refers to the normal behavior of a process when operating in a state of statistical control.
a.
Process optimization
b.
Six Sigma
c.
Supplier certification
d.
Quality at the source
e.
Process capability
E
The _____ process capability index quantifies the relationship between the process's natural tolerance limits and the product's specifications using a two-sided approach, regardless of process centering.
a.
Cpk
b.
x-bar
c.
MRP
d.
Cp
e.
Six Sigma
D
The _____ process capability index does not adequately account for situations where the process is not closely centered on the nominal specification target value.
a. Cxy
b. optimization
c. Six Sigma
d. Cpk
e. Cp
E
A _____ is designed to provide information about the performance of the process under stable operating conditions, i.e., when no special causes of variation are present.
a.
make-buy analysis
b.
process capability study
c.
price analysis
d.
cost analysis
e.
Six Sigma project
B
According to Philip Crosby, the only true performance standard that defines total quality is _____, which he defined as conformance to requirements.
a.
zero defects
b.
Six Sigma
c.
process capability
d.
optimization
e.
rationalization
A
_____ include the direct, out-of-pocket costs of measuring quality, specifically checking for possible defects.
a.
Six Sigma costs
b.
Internal failure costs
c.
Appraisal costs
d.
External failure costs
e.
Prevention costs
C
_____ occur before the product or service is provided to the customer.
a.
Internal failure costs
b.
Appraisal costs
c.
External failure costs
d.
Prevention costs
e.
Total costs
A
_____ are incurred following production or after the customer takes possession.
a.
Inspection costs
b.
Appraisal costs
c.
Internal failure costs
d.
Prevention costs
e.
External failure costs
E
_____ are those costs incurred when production processes are designed or modified to prevent defects from occurring in the first place.
a.
Appraisal costs
b.
Internal failure costs
c.
External failure costs
d.
Prevention costs
e.
Six Sigma costs
D
All of the following are examples of appraisal costs except _____.
a.
laboratory testing of prototypes and samples
b.
production inspection activities
c.
development and maintenance of a quality management system
d.
development and maintenance of a quality management system
e.
incoming materials inspections
C
Which of the following is not an example of an internal failure cost?
a.
Process troubleshooting.
b.
Equipment calibration.
c.
Re-inspection following detection of a defect.
d.
Production downtime caused by defects.
e.
Scrap and process waste.
B
All of the following are examples of external failure costs except _____.
a.
warranty costs
b.
replacement of defective products to customers
c.
liability lawsuits
d.
quality planning
e.
loss of customer goodwill
D
Which of the following is not an example of a prevention cost?
a.
Incoming material inspections.
b.
Quality planning.
c.
Equipment calibration.
d.
Development of a quality manual.
e.
Maintenance of a quality management system.
A
In _____, there is an intense focus on identifying and eliminating common causes of waste that add cost, time, and effort to the product or service while not adding value to the customer.
a.
supplier evaluation and selection process
b.
the MBNQA
c.
SIO 14000:2004
d.
the Honda BP process
e.
None of the above.
D
Which of the following is not one of the seven wastes identified by the Honda BP process?
a.
Overproduction.
b.
Delivery.
c.
Waste in the work itself.
d.
Inventory.
e.
Product advertising and promotion.
E
_____ results in waste because a valuable equipment or labor resource is not producing output.
a.
Idle time
b.
Inventory
c.
Wasted operator motion
d.
Delivery
e.
Overproduction
A
_____ is the organized and systematic study of every element of cost in a part, material, process, or service to ensure that it fulfills its design and operational functions at the lowest possible total cost.
a.
Six Sigma
b.
Process capability
c.
New product development
d.
CAD/CAM
e.
VA/VE
E
Which of the following is not one of the five elements in the Six Sigma performance improvement model?
a.
D(efine).
b.
M(easure).
c.
A(ccess).
d.
I(mprove).
e.
C(ontrol).
C
To remain current registration, ISO 9001:2008 registration must be accomplished every _____.
a.
10 years
b.
5 years
c.
2 years
d.
3 years
e.
There is no expiration date for ISO 9001:2008 registration.
D
In ISO 9000:2008, (the) _____ consists of a quality manual, related procedures, and work instructions.
a.
third-party registration
b.
quality management system
c.
environmental management system
d.
supplier certification
e.
All of the above.
B
Which of the following is not one of the benefits to the buyer of a supplier achieving ISO 9001:2008 registration?
a.
Few buying firms have sufficient size or resources to independently develop and implement their own comprehensive supplier certification audits.
b.
The supplier may develop interest from other buyers wanting to do business with it. (LO #5)
c.
Third party registration may provide insight into a supplier's quality system conformance that a buyer may otherwise lack.
d.
The buying firm receives the benefit of a supplier quality certification without actually having to conduct its own quality certification audits.
e.
The supplier assumes responsibility for meeting the ISO standards and paying its own registration fees.
B
The _____ series of standards, originally established in 1993, is designed to promote environmental awareness and protection as well as pollution prevention.
a.
MBNQA
b.
ISO 9001:2008
c.
Zero defects
d.
Six Sigma
e.
ISO 14001:2004
E
_____ is a competition and implies that a winning organization excels not only in quality management but also in quality achievement.
a.
ISO 9001:2008
b.
MBNQA
c.
ISO 14001:2004
d.
Six Sigma
e.
Zero defects
B
_____ is the most basic and important tenet of the MBNQA criteria.
a.
Continuous improvement
b.
Six Sigma
c.
Statistical process control
d.
Process capability
e.
None of the above.
A
An effective supplier quality manual will contain all of the following except _____.
a.
documentation control
b.
testing and acceptance procedures
c.
metrics and measurement protocols
d.
basic responsibilities of both the buyer and the supplier
e.
approved accounting expenses
E
In recent years, the concept of quality has changed radically from meeting customer requirements or expectations to exceeding them.
true
Within its supply chains, supply management does not merely buy parts or services from suppliers - it buys (and sometimes must help manage and improve) current and anticipated supplier capabilities that will result in quality products and services.
true
Buyers should focus only on a supplier's physical output (the end result), never on the supporting inputs, systems, and processes that created that output.
false
It is difficult to maintain a trusting and collaborative relationship and receive quality goods and services when suppliers do not enjoy working with the buying organization.
true
A buyer cannot realistically expect the highest levels of supplier performance when the supplier must respond to frequent or short lead time changes.
true
Reliance on a firm's suppliers for raw materials, components, subassemblies, and even finished products is steadily decreasing.
false
One of the primary causes of nonconforming supplier quality involves inconsistent communication and the resultant misunderstanding of specifications, expectations, and requirements between supply chain members.
true
Most specifications are precise and succinct.
false
Many suppliers are hesitant to challenge excessive specifications for fear of losing the bid.
true
Deming's quality philosophy has often been criticized because it does not prescribe specific firm-level actions and programs for management to follow.
true
Deming's 14 Points constitute an à la carte menu of quality improvement activities, from which a company can pick and choose only those with which they agree.
false
The focal point of the Deming philosophy is that the entire organization should be focused on satisfying customer needs, whether the customer is internal or external.
true
Quality is only for manufacturing.
false
Deming indicates that the only proper way of dealing with defects is to inspect for and remove them from the process.
true
The lowest purchase price of an item may be important in the short run for supply management but may cause increased costs somewhere else in the production system over the long run: excessive scrap and rework, defective products, greater warranty claims, and so on.
true
Working with more suppliers allows the supply manager to concentrate on building trusting, collaborative relationships and supplier loyalty while improving quality in purchased goods and services.
false
The TQM-focused organization must look at increasing process variation and seeking innovation in both product and process.
false
There is a minimal gap between real leadership and what we traditionally think of as management or supervision.
false
Slogans, signs, and posters are highly effective in changing worker behavior because they assume that most, if not all, quality problems are due to human behavior.
false
Designed-in systemic variation is a managerial concern, not a labor issue.
true
The performance appraisal systems in most organizations create real barriers to pride in workmanship as they promote competitive behavior and quantity of work over quality.
true
Even when given the proper climate in which to work, most people do not want to do a good job.
false
A grassroots TQM effort that emanates from the lower levels of the organization is doomed to failure without active and visible top management commitment and support.
true
The objective of supplier certification is to ensure that nonconforming items are not created or do not leave a supplier's facility.
true
Supplier certification applies only to entire companies or products, rather than a specific part, process, or site.
false
The extensive use of corrective action requests supports prevention of nonconforming defects.
true
Perhaps the most dramatic difference between traditional quality control methods and total quality management thinking involves a shift from a process orientation to a product orientation
false
It is far less expensive and more efficient in the long run to avoid generating the defect in the first place than it is to inspect for it once it is created.
true
An emphasis on finished product rather than process demands that a supplier provide evidence of its process capability to the buyer on an ongoing, regular basis.
false
To be considered capable, the outputs from a process must fall outside upper and lower specification limits.
false
One property of normally distributed data is that 99.7 percent of all possible observations of process output occur within plus-or-minus standard deviations of the process mean.
false
A process that is stable and in control (i.e., no special and correctable causes of variation) can be expected to produce virtually all of its output within its natural tolerance limits.
true
The Cpk value is always larger than the Cp index.
false
According to Genichi Taguchi, any deviation from a target value carries with it some level of opportunity loss due to scrap, rework, and customer dissatisfaction.
true
Inconsistency is the enemy of total quality.
true
In many respects, the cost of quality should actually be considered as the cost of "poor quality."
true
Because of the nature of many cost accounting systems, quality costs are rarely aggregated into various overhead accounts, which would mask their real impact on the finances and operations of a company.
false
All delivery activities in a process can be considered wasteful.
false
Once a firm fully rationalizes and optimizes its supply base, improvement will occur primarily by developing the capabilities of existing suppliers rather than by switching suppliers on a large scale.
true
Companies that are unable to commit the necessary resources to assess or certify supplier quality on their own will never accept ISO 9000:2008 registration as proxy evidence of a supplier's quality management capability.
false
ISO 9000:2008 follows a product-based approach to quality management that stresses planning, acting, analyzing results, and making improvements.
true
Suppliers that earn ISO 9000:2008 registration typically demonstrate lower levels of quality than those suppliers that are not registered.
false
ISO 14000:2004 does not build on existing governmental regulations, establish emissions and pollution levels, or detail any specific testing methods.
true
The MBNQA is a competition and implies that a winning organization excels not only in quality management but also in quality achievement.
true
It can take only a few months for a company to adequately develop a quality management system that is competitive for the MBNQA.
false
A supplier quality manual may delineate the maximum process required for the supplier regarding inspections, use of statistical process control, continuous improvement, testing, sample evaluations, performance improvement, and the like.
false
A comprehensive supplier quality manual does not need to describe the supplier selection and evaluation processes.
false
In recent years, the concept of quality has changed radically from meeting customer requirements or expectations to exceeding them.
True
Within its supply chains, supply management does not merely buy parts or services from suppliers - it buys (and sometimes must help manage and improve) current and anticipated supplier capabilities that will result in quality products and services.
True
Buyers should focus only on a supplier's physical output (the end result), never on the supporting inputs, systems, and processes that created that output.
False
It is difficult to maintain a trusting and collaborative relationship and receive quality goods and services when suppliers do not enjoy working with the buying organization.
True
A buyer cannot realistically expect the highest levels of supplier performance when the supplier must respond to frequent or short lead time changes.
True
Reliance on a firm's suppliers for raw materials, components, subassemblies, and even finished products is steadily decreasing.
False
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