Italian expansion dates

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1
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New trade barriers forced Italy to increase trade with Central European powers such as Yugoslavia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania

1929

2
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Foreign policy became more clearly Fascist as economic difficulties eased allowing riskier foreign policy

From 1935

3
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Count Galeazzo Ciano appointed Foreign Minister

1936

4
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Isituto Italiano created to financially support banks and industry

1931

5
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Isituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale created to take control of share in banks and companies

1933

6
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Mussolini had realised that a strong Germany would make Britain and France more amenable to Italian demands

In the 1920s

7
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Mussolini probably funded the Nazis and other right wing groups in Germany

In the 1920s

8
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Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss visited Rome

1933

9
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Mussolini encouraged Dollfuss to set up a fascist but anti-Nazi authoritarian regime in Austria

February 1934

10
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Dollfuss was assassinated by Nazi sympathisers after attempting to set up a fasicst, anti-Nazi regime

July 1934

11
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Mussolini dispatched troops to the Austrian border to prevent Germany from attempting Anschluss

1934

12
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Relations between Italy and Germany reached a low point when Hitler revealed the Luftwaffe and announced conscription

March 1935

13
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Mussolini met with Britain and France in Stresa, Italy, forming the ‘Stresa Front’

April 1935

14
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Mussolini’s foreign policy conduct had been cautious and respectable

Until 1935

15
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Italy was defeated by Ethiopian forces at Adowa

1896

16
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border incident at Wal Wal on the Abyssinian border with Italian Somaliland, several Italian soldiers killed

December 1934

17
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Invasion of Abyssinia

October 1935 to May 1936

18
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Capital of Abyssinia Addis Ababa reached by Italian troops

May 1936

19
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Italy sponsored Abyssinia to be part of the League of Nations

1920s

20
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Hoare-Laval Pact signed, Mussolini could take 2/3 of Abyssinia but dropped due to public outrage in Britain and France

December 1935

21
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20 million listened as Mussolini proclaimed victory in Abyssinia through a radio broadcast

May 1936

22
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Treaty of Friendship between Italy and Abyssinia

1928

23
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League of Nations implemented limited sanctions against Italy

18 November 1935

24
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Abyssinia formally annexed by Italy

9 May 1936

25
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Rome-Berlin Axis strengthened when Italy joined the Anti-Comintern Pact

November 1937

26
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Hitler carried out Anschluss without consulting Mussolini

1938

27
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Chamberlain asked Mussolini to mediate after Hitler demanded the Sudetenland, Mussolini colluded with Hitler

1938

28
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Mussolini demanded the annexation of Nice, Corsica and Tunis from France

November 1938

29
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Mussolini invaded Albania, won without any fighting

April 1939

30
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‘Pact of Steel’ between Germany and Italy

22 May 1939

31
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Mussolini declared Hitler had been ‘treacherous’

September 1939

32
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Italy declared war on Britain and France

June 1940

33
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King Zog of Albania signed trade agreements with Greece and Yugoslavia

1939

34
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Mussolini sent an ultimatum to Tirana, the capital of Albania, demanding agreement to Italian occupation

25 March 1939

35
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Italy invaded Albania with 100,000 men and 600 aircraft, all ports were taken and King Zog fled

7 April 1939

36
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Italian forces reached Tirana in Albania

8 April 1939

37
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Albanian parliament deposed King Zog and voted to unite with Italy

12 April 1939

38
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Albania withdrew from the League of Nations

12 April

39
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Italy suggested it would not be ready for war until 1943

May 1939

40
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Hitler and Mussolini met at the Brenner Pass border

March 1940

41
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Ideological divide led to instability in the French government

1930s

42
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Coalition of radicalises and socialists formed to govern France, did not deal with economic issues, had six different cabinets within 2 years

1932-1934

43
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Left wing government in France, criticised for spending on domestic developments not rearmament

1936-1938

44
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More political stability in France due to a change in government, refocus on armament

1938

45
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Haile Salassie asked the LoN to arbitrate, neither Italy nor Abyssinia found responsible

6 December 1934

46
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Franco-Italian agreement, concessions to Italy in Africa

January 1935

47
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Haile Salassie appealed to the LoN

March and May 1935

48
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Britain declared an arms embargo on Italy and Abyssinia , removed warships from the Mediterranean giving Mussolini uncontested access

July 1935

49
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Abyssinian army mobilised against Italy

September 1935

50
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Italian forces invaded Abyssinia without a declaration of war

October 1935

51
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LoN found Italy to be the aggressor against Abyssinia, imposed weak sanctions

October 1935

52
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Sanctions on Italy lifted by the LoN

July 1936

53
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Japan recognised the new ‘Italian Empire’

November 1936

54
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Britain and France recognised Italian control of Abyssinia; US and USSR refused to

1938