lec 4 group director

🧭⭕ Existing group on ring determines WHERE next substituent attaches · ortho/para director OR meta director

What is group orientation (directors) in EAS?

💪🟢 Strongly activating · ortho/para directors · –NH₂ · –NHR · –NHR₂ · –OH · –OR

Strongly activating o/p directors

🟡🟢 Moderately activating · ortho/para directors · –NHCOR · –OCOR · alkyl groups (–R)

Moderately activating o/p directors

⚡🚨 –F · –Cl · –Br · –I · deactivating BUT still ortho/para directors · unique exception!

Halogens — deactivating o/p directors (the exception)

🔴⬇️ Strongly deactivating · meta directors · –NO₂ · –CN · –SO₃H · –NH₃⁺ · –NH₂R⁺ · –NHR₂⁺

Strongly deactivating meta directors

🔴🔑 Deactivating · meta directors · –COR (R = H · OH · Cl · OR) · aldehydes · acids · esters · acyl halides

Carbonyl group meta directors

💚➕ Activators → electron donating → direct to ortho + para

What do activators do and where do they direct?

🔴➖ Deactivators → electron withdrawing → direct to meta · EXCEPT halogens

What do deactivators do and where do they direct?

🏆📜 All activators = ortho/para directors · All deactivators = meta directors · EXCEPT halogens → deactivate but direct ortho/para

Golden rule of group orientation