PLTW: Biomedical Science Unit 1.1 review

5 steps to a crime scene investigation

1. Collect and document evidence

2. Sketch the scene using key and scale

3. Interview witnesses, suspects, and associates

4. examine the crime scene for evidence

5. photograph using a ruler for scale

What is biomedical science?

The application of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine.

What is forensic science?

the application of science to criminal and civil laws

4 parts to a crime scene sketch

sketch, legend, key, scale

3 primary fingerprint ridge patterns

arch, whorl, loop

What are minutiae?

tiny fingerprint ridge details

arch fingerprint

whorl fingerprint

loop fingerprint

What can hair tell us?

Race, sex, age, origin on body

What is hair made up of

A protein called keratin

What are the 3 layers of the hair?

cuticle, cortex, medulla

Dependent variable

measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested

What can shoe prints show?

Weight, walk, and size of the person

Control Group

The group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for the comparison against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied.

Experiment

A research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable.

What is the experimental design?

problem, Hypothesis, Independent variable, Dependent Variable

What are important parts of a procedure?

Safety equipment worn, how many times should it be repeated (replicated), each group should have the same conditions as the other except for the independent variable (standardization)

Hypothesis

An educated guess that you can test ( if, then statement)

Negative Control

Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome, that was not the intended hypothesis or was the opposite of it

Positive Control

Control group with positive results that prove your hypothesis

Algor Mortis (T)

cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature after death

What are 5 factors affecting algor mortis

Clothing, original internal temperature, ambient temperature, environment, body size

Rigor Mortis (S)

Tightening of muscles after death

Lividity

Blood pooling

What signs can be used to estimate time of death

Rigor Morris, Algor Morris, lividity, amount of decomposition, entomology- the study of bugs and when they arrive after death

Types of Blood

Type A, Type B, Type AB, Type O

What antigens/ antibodies does each blood type have

A: A antigens/ B antibodies

B: B antigens/ A antibodies

AB: A and B antigens/ no antibodies

O: no antigens/ A and B antibodies

How can blood types be found?

Blood types can be found by adding antibodies to the blood and seeing if the blood clumps.

What are things that affect blood spatter patterns?

Force, height, amount of blood, angle, objects in the way, how close the victim was to the perpetrator

What is the positive correlation between height dropped and diameter of a blood droplet?

The higher it's dropped, the larger its diameter