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Reconstruction Amendments
The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution aimed at establishing and protecting the rights of free and formerly enslaved African Americans.
Thirteenth Amendment
Officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
Fourteenth Amendment
Defined birthright citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law, overturning Dred Scott v. Sandford.
Fifteenth Amendment
Prohibited the federal and state governments from denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Black Codes
Restrictive laws enacted by state governments during Reconstruction that aimed to control the labor and movement of African Americans.
Freedmen’s Bureau
Established in 1865, it assisted formerly enslaved people in the transition to citizenship by managing abandoned properties and providing support.
Sharecropping
A labor system where landowners provided land to farmers, who returned a large share of their crops, making economic advancement difficult.
Plessy v. Ferguson
The 1896 Supreme Court ruling that upheld state segregation laws under the doctrine of 'separate but equal'.
Jim Crow laws
State and local statutes enacted to enforce racial segregation and restrict African Americans' rights, particularly after Reconstruction.
Ida B. Wells
A journalist and civil rights advocate who highlighted anti-Black violence and promoted self-defense in the face of racism.
Nadir
Refers to the period following Reconstruction characterized by extreme racism and violence against African Americans.
What was the The Freedmen’s Bureau was responsibility?
for managing property abandoned and confiscated during the Civil War
The Freeman’s Bureau main focus
to assist formerly enslaved people as they transitioned into American citizens. Assistance included providing clothing and food, legalizing marriages, and establishing schools.
Explain how after abolition and the Civil War, African Americans strengthened family bonds that had been disrupted by enslavement.
Centuries of enslavement disrupted family bonds among African Americans, as relatives were forcibly sold, relocated, and had their names changed repeatedly by their enslavers. Despite these challenges, African Americans created new kinship bonds and family traditions during and after slavery.
After the emancipation what did African Americans do and from with help from who helped them in this journey?
African Americans sought to reunite families, establish communities, and build new lives as free citizens, often receiving support from organizations like the Freedmen's Bureau and northern abolitionists. They also pursued education and job opportunities.
How were other familty bonds
