Sleep Quiz

Circadian Rhythm

Cycle of 22-25 hours per day that is the body’s internal clock

Zeitgebers

External cues that help set your internal clock

Non-image forming ganglion cells

Photopigment: Melanopsin; Project from Retina to Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and are a part of the retino-hypothalamic pathway

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Plays a role in regulation of Circadian Rhythms and regulates & responds to Melatonin

Pineal gland

Responsible for the secretion of melatonin

Relationship of cortisol and melatonin

Cycle throughout the day and have an inverse relationship that can impact sleep

Alpha activity

Regular, medium-frequency waves (8 – 12 Hz.) that is produced while resting quietly, eyes closed

Beta activity

Irregular, low-amplitude waves (13 – 30 Hz)  desynchronous activity that occurs when alert

Beta sleep

Awake/Alert processing, 13-30 Hz, low amplitude, desynchronized

Alpha sleep

Awake, calm & disengaged, 8-12 Hz, mid amplitude, Sine-wave form somewhat sync

Theta sleep

Drowsy, stage 1 sleep • 4-8 Hz, larger amplitude, synchronization, thalamo-cortical connections

Delta sleep

Stage 3 (or 4) sleep, .5-4 Hz, large amplitude, synchronized, slow wave sleep

Stage 1 sleep

Transition from wake to sleep, theta activity evident, easily awakened

Stage 2 sleep

Sleep spindles and K complex's occur, groggy if awakened

Stage 3 and 4 sleep

3= mostly Delta 4= mostly Delta, disoriented if awakened

REM sleep

EEG trace similar to awake, easily awakened, narrative dreams

REM progression

REM sleep increases throughout the night

SWS progression

SWS decreases throughout the night

Duration of sleep cycles

~90 minutes

REM sleep rebound

If deprived of REM sleep, we make it up the next night

Function of REM

Consolidation of non-declarative memory

Function of SWS

Rest and repair of brain, consolidation of declarative memory

Effects of sleep deprivation

Decreased cognitive ability, perceptual distortion, hallucinations, trouble concentrating, difficulty recognizing facial expressions

Dreams

Vivid sensorimotor hallucinatory experiences that follow a narrative structure

Theories of dreaming

Side effect of memory consolidation, side effect of cortical activity