Chapter 07: The Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 07: The Skeletal System: Bones and Joints.

What mineral do bones store?

Calcium

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

Diaphysis

What membrane lines the marrow cavity of a long bone?

Endosteum

What is the hard bone tissue in the shafts of long bones called?

Compact bone

What is the porous bone tissue found in the ends of long bones?

Spongy (cancellous) bone

What type of marrow is found in the ends of long bones?

Red marrow

What cells produce bone tissue?

Osteoblasts

What type of connective tissue makes up most of the embryonic skeleton?

Cartilage

What is a sharp projection from the surface of a bone called?

Spine

What is the anatomical name for the cheekbone?

Zygomatic bone

What skull bone contains the internal portions of the ear?

Temporal bone

What bone contains the manubrium and xiphoid process?

Sternum

What is the bone of the lower jaw called?

Mandible

What is a soft spot in an infant's skull called?

Fontanel

What curve develops when an infant holds their head upright?

Cervical

What is the lateral bone of the lower leg?

Fibula

What is the medial bone of the forearm?

Ulna

What is the scientific name for the collarbone?

Clavicle

What is the anatomic name for the thigh bone?

Femur

What bones make up the palm of the hand?

Metacarpal bones

What are the bones of the fingers and toes called?

Phalanges

What is the disorder associated with lateral curvature of the spinal column?

Scoliosis

What is an exaggerated thoracic curve of the spine called?

Kyphosis

What is a malignant tumor arising in the growing region of a bone called?

Osteosarcoma

What is tuberculosis of the spine called?

Pott disease

What type of fracture occurs when the broken bone protrudes through the skin?

Open fracture

What is a slightly movable joint called?

Amphiarthrosis

What bands of connective tissue hold the bones together in a synovial joint?

Ligaments

What are the small, fluid-filled sacs near some synovial joints called?

Bursae

What is it called when the palm turns down or backward?

Pronation

What is the movement of drawing a large arm circle in the air called?

Circumduction

What does an excess of uric acid result in?

Gout

What is a degenerative joint disease primarily in weight-bearing joints?

Osteoarthritis

What does the word part '-penia' mean?

Lack of

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton?

C. Sodium storage

What is a haversian canal?

D. Channel in dense bone

What protein is a major component of the bone matrix?

B. Collagen

Where is spongy bone found?

B. In bone epiphyses

Where is red marrow found?

A. Spongy bone

Which cells are involved in bone resorption?

A. Osteoclasts

In children, where does bone growth occur?

B. Epiphyseal plates

What is a bony depression called?

D. Fossa

What is an air space within bone called?

A. Sinus

What is a short bony channel called?

A. Meatus

What bone forms the back and part of the base of the skull?

C. Occipital bone

What bones form the top and sides of the skull?

A. Parietal bones

Which bone at the base of the skull has winglike extensions?

B. Sphenoid bone

What bone forms the nasal cavity roof?

B. Ethmoid bone

What section of the spinal column forms part of the bony pelvis?

A. Sacrum

How many pairs of true ribs are found in the adult thorax?

A. 7

What is the immovable joint uniting skull bones called?

A. Suture

What bone contains the foramen magnum?

C. Occipital bone

What is the large soft spot in an infant's cranium called?

A. Anterior fontanel

What are the secondary spinal curves?

A. Cervical and lumbar

How many phalanges are found in each hand?

C. 14

What is the olecranon?

B. Part of the ulna that forms the elbow

Where is a malleolus found?

B. Tibia and fibula

What is the scientific name for the kneecap?

B. Patella

Which bone is found in the shoulder girdle?

C. Scapula

What is the acetabulum?

D. Socket that holds the head of the femur

What is the greater trochanter?

C. A large projection on the femur

What pelvic characteristic is found in a male pelvis?

B. A long, curved sacrum

What disease is characterized by deformed bones due to abnormal osteoclast and osteoblast activity?

C. Osteitis deformans

What is an osteosarcoma?

B. Malignant tumor arising in bone

What can vitamin D deficiency lead to in infants?

C. Rickets

What type of fracture occurs when broken ends of the bone are jammed together?

A. Impacted fracture

What type of fracture is classified as not going all the way through the bone?

B. Greenstick fracture

What are freely movable joints called?

C. Diarthroses

What is the smooth layer of connective tissue protecting bone surfaces in a synovial joint called?

A. Articular cartilage

Which joint type has the smallest range of motion?

D. Gliding joint

What is it called when a bone turns on its own axis?

C. Rotation

What movement occurs when a dancer points their toes?

C. Plantar flexion

What is the inflammation of the joints called?

B. Arthritis

What condition might Mr. J have if his joints are inflamed due to tuberculosis?

C. Septic arthritis

What primarily reflects changes in height in Ms. W's great-grandmother?

A. Intervertebral disks

What does the word root 'cost/o' refer to?

A. Ribs