Lab 1: Introduction to Microscopy and Diversity of Cell Types - Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from Lab 1 notes, including microscopy basics, cell types, morphology vs. arrangement, taxonomic nomenclature, growth media, aseptic technique, and common staining and culture practices.

The total magnification of a microscope is calculated as Total magnification = ocular magnification × __.

objective magnification

The ocular lens in our lab’s microscope provides a magnification of __.

10X

The highest objective magnification used on these microscopes is __X and requires immersion oil.

100

Parfocal means that when the specimen is in focus with one lens, the same stage position will be in focus with all other __.

objective lenses

Parcentric means that switching magnification keeps the specimen centered in the __.

field of view

Resolution is the ability to distinguish two distinct objects; the lab microscope’s limit of resolution is about __.

0.1 µm

The basic unit of length in the metric system is the __.

meter

There are 1000 nanometers in one micrometer; 1 µm = __ meters.

10^-6

A rod-shaped bacterium is called a __.

bacillus

A spherical bacterium is called a __.

coccus

A spiral-shaped bacterium is called a __.

spirillum

A long, loose spiral bacterium is called a __.

spirochete

Prokaryotic cells lack a true __; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

nucleus

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide, abbreviated as __.

LPS

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is selective for __ and differentiates those that ferment mannitol.

staphylococci

Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) is selective for Gram- __ bacteria.

negative

A pure culture contains a single bacterial __.

species

Aseptic technique requires the work area and tools to be sterilized and plates to be incubated __.

inverted

Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) is a __-purpose medium that supports growth of many non-fastidious bacteria.

general

In binomial nomenclature, the genus name is __ capitalized; the specific epithet is not.

always

Scientific names in print should be either __ or underlined.

italicized

There are eight ranks in the taxonomic classification system, ending with the rank of __.

Species

The two-word scientific name is called the __ name.

binomial

The arrangement term that describes cells in pairs is __.

diplo- (as in diplococci)

The arrangement term that describes cells in a chain is __.

strepto- (as in streptococci)

The arrangement term that describes cocci clustered together is __.

staphylo- (as in staphylococci)

The arrangement term palisade describes rods arranged like a __.

fence

TSA plates are used to observe growth characteristics such as colony shape, margins, and color; this is __ growth.

growth

On EMB, Gram-negative lactose fermenters produce colonies with a green metallic sheen or a pink/purple color; Gram-positive are __ by the dyes.

inhibited

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) differentiates organisms that ferment mannitol by turning the medium from red to __.

yellow

Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) differentiates lactose fermenters that produce large amounts of acid form colonies with a green metallic __.

sheen

MacConkey agar (MAC) is selective for Gram- __ bacteria and differentiates based on lactose fermentation.

negative (Gram-negative)

The term for the growth of bacteria in isolation to form a purely single species culture is a __ culture.

pure

The process used to isolate single colonies on an agar plate is the __ plate method.

streak

A colony on an agar plate arises from a single cell or a few cells; this is why colonies can differ in __ and appearance.

morphology