S2 Biology - Water & Waste

hi

What are the two main jobs of the kidneys?

to remove poisonous wastes and balance the water concentration of blood

Why do animals have two kidneys?

the second one can be a backup

Where are the kidneys found?

near the bottom of the ribcage/lower back

What is Renal Dialysis?

the process where patients can put on a kidney machine if the kidneys fail 

How frequently is Renal Diaylsis needed?

three times a week

What is an alternative treatment for Renal Dialysis?

a kidney transplant

What are the methods of water gain?

drinking, eating and metabolism

What is another phrase for metabolism?

chemical reactions

mass of water in food

mass of fresh food - mass of dried food

% of water in food

mass of water / mass of fresh food × 100

What type of food contains the highest percentage of water?

fruits

Give an example of an animal that gains water by metabolic reactions

the kangaroo rat

What are the methods of water loss?

sweating, breathing out, urination, and faeces

What could increase water loss?

exercise and high temperatures

What could decrease water loss?

sleeping/sickness

What are the kidneys?

The kidneys are the organs that regulate water balance and clean the blood of poisonous waste

What is the renal artery?

the renal artery is the blood vessel which supplies the kidney with blood

What is the renal vein?

the renal vein is the blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney

What is a ureter?

a tube which carries urine produced in the kidneys to the bladder

What is the bladder?

a muscular bag which stores urine until its removal from the body

What is the urethra?

the tube which carries urine out of the body

What is reabsorption?

the process in the kidney which takes all of the glucose and some of the water back into the blood and leaves behind urea and some of the water. The volume of water reabsorbed depends on the body’s requirements.

What are materials that are filtered out of the blood?

salt, urea, and water

What are materials that stay in the blood?

proteins, glucose, red blood cells, and white blood cells

Where do amino acids come from?

large protein molecules

What happens to the excess or old amino acids in the liver?

they are broken down in the liver into a poisonous waste called urea and a carbohydrate

How is urea transported to the kidneys?

through the bloodstream